Estimates of the breeding value of producers and breeding stock of cattle use various information and analytical models and statistical methods, including the determination of the breeding value of animals using the BLUP methodology and the BLUP AM methodology, for the subsequent transition to predictive genomic SNP selection. The study was conducted on the reproductive population of cows of the Kholmogory breed of the Arkhangelsk region, Kholmogory district. A genealogical analysis of a spontaneous population of cows of first-calf heifers of the Kholmogory breed was carried out, represented by the offspring of 66 bulls, which were evaluated according to the main productive indicators and breeding value (PC). A rank assessment of sires was carried out according to the efficiency of the productive contribution of daughters, bulls' PC for milk yield and MJ, MDB. The studies confirmed the literature data on the possibility and effectiveness of using phantom cattle populations in assessing the breeding value of producers.
The most important side in breeding work is reproduction and its indicators. In modern conditions, domestic cattle breeds are losing their popularity, there is an intensive expansion of native breeds by Holstein bulls of American lines, which on the one hand leads to an increase in milk productivity, but at the same time leads to a decrease in the productive longevity of the livestock used. On the territory of the North-Western Federal District of the Russian Federation, mainly black-and-white root breeds are used, both locally selected, such as the Kholmogorskaya breed of cattle, the Yaroslavl breed, and "imported" ones.The advantage of domestic cattle is that over the years, genotypically formed resistance to unfavorable paratypical factors has led to productive longevity, higher fertility rates than those of foreign-bred cattle used in the district. The young of native breeds have more advantages in terms of survival in the pre and postnatal periods of ontogenesis.The study consisted in monitoring the realization of the reproduction potential among reproductive farms for the Kholmogorsky breed of cattle. The article presents materials on the monitoring carried out and their analysis is carried out, the indicators of reproduction on the territory of breeding farms are estimated. The analysis showed that the range of variability is about 10-15%, allowed us to draw conclusions about the need to control the quality of reproduction of young animals in livestock farms, confirmed the regularity (positive correlation) of live weight to the first insemination, as an indicator of growth and physiological development, created a number of recommendations for the zootechnical service of farms to improve the intensity of reproduction, increase the quality of the resulting repair livestock as a vector of improvement of the regional Kholmogorsky breed of cattle.
The main task of preserving populations of small breeds of horses imported from abroad with their unique characteristic features of the exterior and type of constitution is the organization of the reproduction of the livestock and the preservation of the exterior parameters of the breed in descendants. In modern conditions of a small number of populations of such breeds, the influence of the inbreeding depression factor increases, as well as the manifestation of recessive mutations and hereditary pathologies in the offspring.[8] On the one hand, this can form changes that are not typical for the breed: phenotype, measurements, body type of the animal's format; on the other hand, such features of breeding horses in the absence of a selection press and selection will lead to the formation of a population of horses of the breed type. Such breed types should be fixed by breed leaders and have a territorial localization; if this does not happen, then the livestock that does not meet the requirements of the breed may lose the status of purebred. [2][6] The study consisted in monitoring the indicators of measurements by generation to identify the dynamics of changes in the format of the horse population and their compliance with the breed standard of American miniature pony horses. The article presents the indicators of the main measurements of American miniature pony horses for a number of generations and carried out their comparative analysis, with the standard requirements of the corresponding measurements of the breed. The analysis showed the following dynamics: in height at the withers, the increase is 46.5%, in the oblique length of the body, the increase is 97.8%, in the distance from the withers to the tail, the increase was 103.5%, which characterizes a more intensive growth of the peripheral skeleton in the postembryonic period and the formation of an elongated format with age . While the angle of the shoulder, wrist and tarsus is less variable in the age aspect and depends on individual hereditary factors, and not on age. A number of recommendations have been developed for specialists of the club "IDALGO" on the selection of parental pairs for correction for compliance with the standard requirements for measuring indicators in offspring.
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