Systemic insecticides were evaluated for control of first generation larvae at the Michigan State University Montcalm Potato Research Farm, Entrican, MI. Potatoes were planted on 13 May 1988. Plots were 3 rows wide by 50 ft long (34 inch row spacing), and treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications/treatment. Adjacent plots were separated by 2 rows of plants treated with Temik 15 G in furrow (normal field rate). For in-furrow applications, the insecticides were sprinkled into the furrow directly over the seed piece before closing the row, at planting. For the Temik banded treatment, an 8 inch band in the center of the furrow was leveled and the chemical applied within this band directly over the seed piece, before closing the row. The Thimet sidedress treatment was applied on 26 May, just prior to hilling. Insects were counted on 2 randomly-selected plants in the center row of each plot on 14, 21, and 28 Jun, 7 and 21 Jul, 2 and 15 Aug. Insect damage was assessed on a per plant basis (2 plants/plot) on 7 Jul and 15 Aug. Per plot damage ratings were made on 19 Jul and 15 Aug. The center row of each plot was harvested on 5 Oct. Potatoes were sorted by size and weighed.
Trials of foliar sprays to Colorado potato beetle were conducted at the Michigan State University Montcalm Potato Research Farm, Entrican, MI. Potatoes were planted on 13 May 1988. Plots were 3 rows wide (34 inch row spacing) by 40 ft long and treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications/treatment. Adjacent plots were separated by two untreated rows. Treatments were applied on 17 and 23 Jun, and 1 Jul with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer at 30 gal/acre, 40 psi, with a cluster of 3 nozzles over each row. The middle nozzle directed spray down over the top of the plant, and the other nozzles directed the spray at the sides of the plant. Insects were counted from randomly-selected plants (1/plot prior to treatment, 2/plot for post-spray samples) on 14 Jun (pretreatment count), 21 and 23 Jun, and 7 Jul. Damage ratings both on a per plot and a per plant (2 plants/plot) basis were made on 7 Jul. The center row of each plot was harvested and potatoes sorted by size and weighed on 5 Oct.
Sweet corn was planted at the Michigan State University Entomology Research Farm, East Lansing, 26 Jun. Plots were one row wide (30 inch row spacing, 9 inch plant spacing) and 25 ft long. Two untreated buffer rows were left between adjacent plots. Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with 4 replications/treatment. Pheromone traps (european corn borer, ECB-2 strains and corn ear worm, CEW) were placed in close proximity to the trial and throughout the farm. These were used to predict peak adult flight and schedule sampling and sprays. Treatments were applied with a hand-held carbon dioxide sprayer at 30 gal/acre and 40 psi on 17, 25, 30 Aug and 8 Sep. The sprayer boom had 3 nozzles, one directed over the top of the plant, and the other 2 directed at each side of the plant. Insects were counted on 32 plants (1 plant/plot) and corn root worm (CRW) adults were counted on 90 plants throughout the trial on 17 Aug (pre-spray count). Three plants/plot were sampled for insects (10 plants/ plot for CRW adults) on 23 and 29 Aug. On 6 and 14 Sep, 10 ears/plot were harvested and inspected for ECB and CEW larvae and damage.
Onions were direct seeded at approximately 15/row ft on 20 Apr at Keilen Farms, Inc., Lansing, MI. Plots were 2 rows wide (6 inch double rows), 30 inch spacing between double rows, 25 ft long, arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. One double row was left unsprayed between each plot. Treatments were applied with a hand-held COa sprayer, 2 nozzle boom (1 nozzle/row), at 40 psi and 30 gpa. On 1 Jun, malathion (1.25 lb (AI)/acre) was applied by air. Treatments were applied 9, 17, and 25 Aug. On 20 Jul a pre-spray sampling of 10 samples (20 plants/sample) was conducted, leaf bases of the pulled plants were rinsed with 70% ethanol. The rinsate (with thrips) was collected in a cup and returned to the lab. Samples were filtered through a Buchner funnel onto filter paper, and the number of thrips counted under the binocular microscope (120 x). On 3 Aug a second pre-spray sampling of 16 samples (20 plants/sample) was done. On 14, 23 and 31 Aug, 20 plants/plot were randomly selected. Numbers of thrips collected from each plot for all of the post-spray samples were summed to estimate season long impact.
Trials were conducted at the MSU Montcalm Potato Research Farm in Entrican, Michigan. Potatoes were planted on 29 April. Plots were 40 ft long and 3 rows wide (34 inch row spacing), in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications (= blocks)/treatment. Adjacent plots were separated either by 6 ft of bare ground, or 2 rows of potatoes that had been treated with Temik 15 G (3 lb All acre) in furrow at planting. Granular systemic treatments applied at planting were sprinkled over the furrow directly over the seed piece. The Temik sidedressed treatment was applied on 24 May by sprinkling the insecticide over the row just prior to hilling. Foliar treatments were applied using a tractormounted boom sprayer at 30 gal/acre, 40 psi, with 3 nozzles/row. The middle nozzle directed spray down over the top of the plant, and the other nozzles directed the spray to the sides of the plant. Foliar sprays were applied on 23, 30 Jun, 6, 13, 21, and 28 Jul. Insecticide-effectiveness was evaluated by counting the number of insects on entire, randomly selected plants. On 7 and 22 Jun, 2 plants/plot in the Temik-treatments, and 48-50 plants from the remaining area were sampled. On 27 Jun, 5, 11, 18, 26 Jul, and 2 Aug, 2 plants were sampled in each plot. Plots were visually assessed for damage rating on 5, 26 Jul, and 2 Aug. On 26 Sep the middle row of each plot was harvested. Tubers were separated by size and weighed.
A trial designed to evaluate resistance of a local onion maggot population to Lorsban and Dyfonate was carried out at Dyk Brothers’ farm near Grant, Mich. Onions (‘Downing Yellow Globe’) were planted on 22 Apr. Plots were double rows, 20 ft long. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. All granular materials were applied in the furrow with the seed using a V-belt planter. Drenches were applied in a 2-3-inch band at the base of the plant using a hand-held sprayer at 50 gal/acre with a single nozzle directed over the row. A 50-plant section in each of the 2 rows of each plot (100 plants/plot total) was marked with stakes prior to the first injury (19 May). The number of surviving onions (percent stand) was counted at approximately weekly intervals. The percentage of damaged onions was calculated for each date by dividing the number of surviving onions showing visible onion maggot damage by the total number of surviving onions on that date. Density of initial stand number (row-ft/100 plants on 19 May) was measured on 22 Jun. Onions in a 10-ft section of both rows of each plot (20 ft total/plot) were harvested on 19 Aug. Harvested bulbs were sorted into marketable or damaged (onion maggot damage or nonmaggot damage) groups.
Onions were direct seeded on 4 May at the Michigan State University Muck Soils Research Farm, Bath, Mich. Plots were 3 rows wide, 45.7 cm between rows, and 7.62 m long, arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Three border rows were left unsprayed between eaeh plot. Treatments were applied with a hand-held CO2, sprayer, 3-nozzle boom, 1/row (D-1 orifice disk, 45 core, slotted strainer, hollow-cone nozzle, Teejet), at 2.81 kg/cm2 and 374 1/ha. Treatment application dates were 15, 22, and 27 Jul and 5, 11, and 23 Aug ’88. On 12 Jul, 16 randomly selected plots were sampled prior to treatment. A random sample of plants (20/plot) was pulled from the center row of each plot and the leaf bases of pulled plants were rinsed with 70% ethanol. The rinsate (with thrips) was collected in a cup and returned to the laboratory for analysis. Samples were filtered through a Buchner funnel onto filter paper and the adult and immature thrips were counted under a binocular microscope (10 X). All plots were sampled (20 plants/plot) on 18 Jul, 26 Jul, and 3 Aug. On 14 Sep, one 4.57-m section of an outside row was harvested from each plot. The total weight and number of onions/sample were recorded.
Onions (‘Spartan Banner 80’, thiram-treated seed) were seeded on 21 Apr 1989 at Dyk Brothers’ farm near Grant, MI. Plots were double rows, 20 ft long with 4 inches between rows within a plot, and 18 inches between plots. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Granular materials were applied in the furrow with the seed using a v-belt planter. Liquid materials were applied at planting directly into the furrow using a hand-pump sprayer (20 psi, 50 gal/acre) with the nozzle behind the shoe of the planter, but in front of the seed and the press wheel. Nematodes were applied on 18 May, with a hand-pump sprayer (20 psi, 100 gal/acre) in a ca. 2 inch band over the top of the row. Post-plant soil drench treatments (Lorsban 4 E or Trigard 75 WP) were applied on 22 Jun, with a hand-pump sprayer (20 psi, 50 gal/acre) in a ca. 2 inch band over the top of the row
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