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Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to present a model to describe the nonlinear and hysteretic properties of ferromagnetic materials. Design/methodology/approach -The energetic model of ferromagnetic hysteresis evolved from some well-known concepts in ferromagnetism in the last years. The magnetisation process is calculated from energy balance and statistical domain behaviour. Based on vectorial, anisotropic, multi-domain considerations an isotropic, scalar model is derived, which gives quite simple equations to describe the nonlinear, hysteretic magnetisation process. Findings -The presented simulations for steel samples and ferrite samples show very nice correspondence with measurements. Originality/value -The scalar model seems to be especially suited for integration into finite element modelling or into simulations of electro-magnetic circuits.

An energetic model is used to calculate macroscopic magnetization behavior of thin Permalloy films. Therefore it is extended by magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy and domain classes that particularly represent magnetization rotation. Some model parameters can be related to coherent rotation of domain magnetizations. A qualitative agreement is achieved with measurements on sputtered Permalloy films used for anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) sensors.

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