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Ultrasound (US) proved highly effective for detection, localization, and delineation of enlarged lymph nodes of the neck. Infiltration of adjacent structures, specifically the common, internal, and external carotid arteries, and the neck muscles was reliably demonstrated. Benign and malignant lymph node enlargement could not be differentiated. US examinations changed the operative course of 56% of patients studied. In 41%, a more radical operative procedure was performed than was previously planned; in 14%, US demonstrated inoperability. Small-parts US is a very useful adjunct to current imaging techniques of cervical lymph node disease.

The degree of femoral anteversion in a group of obese adolescent children and a group of adolescent children of normal weight was determined by either magnetic resonance imaging or computerized axial tomography. Compared with the children of normal weight, the obese children showed a significantly reduced angle of femoral anteversion. Increased biomechanical forces generated across the hip joint of obese children leads to increased remodeling of the femoral neck. This may account for the association of slipped capital femoral epiphysis, reduced femoral anteversion, and obesity in the adolescent population.

The radiomorphological appearance of fibrous metaphyseal defects (FMDs) is demonstrated by long-term follow-up studies. A characteristic radiomorphological course rather than a typical single appearance can be established. These findings correlate well with the duration of these tumor-like lesions; therefore, the radiological findings allow conclusions to be made about the age of a fibrous metaphyseal defect. In addition, the characteristic locations of FMDs will be explained in respect of their origins at insertions of tendons and ligaments.

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The utility of high-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in studying a variety of intratesticular and extratesticular pathologic conditions was assessed. The high magnetic signal intensity of the testis provided an excellent background for visualization of intratesticular abnormalities. Except for old blood, all intratesticular processes were less intense than testis, especially on T2-weighted images. The visualization of the tunica albuginea is a distinct advantage, allowing its assessment in cases of trauma or testicular tumors. Epididymal and spermatic cord abnormalities were easily recognized. All pathologic conditions were best seen on T2-weighted images acquired in the coronal plane. Balanced images allowed for tissue characterization.

One hundred fifty-eight magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies of the spine were reviewed to assess the frequency and distribution of focal deposits with signal behavior typical of fat in the axial bone marrow. In addition, three fresh cadaveric spines were evaluated with MR imaging and subsequently sectioned for anatomic and histologic correlation. Macroscopic evaluation of the sectioned cadaveric specimens revealed well-defined, yellow areas within the bone marrow that correlated precisely with localized zones of signal intensity characteristic of fat on MR images. Histologic evaluation of these regions demonstrated typical focal fatty replacement of hematopoietic bone marrow. Their appearance was related to age and the presence of pathologic changes such as spondylitis, kyphoscoliosis, and spondylosis. Based upon these observations, focal fatty replacement of hematopoietic bone marrow appears to be a common phenomenon that should not be confused with localized disease processes.