Base resistance extraction for small geometry, self aligned bipolar transistors has become more problematic as the other resistances and capacitances effecting the input impedance have become more significant and distributed.Following an introduction to Analog Devices' XFCB3 process, this paper will review a combination of measured results, TCAD simulations and Spice analysis of hybrid-π equivalent circuits which were used to better understand the base resistance extraction issues.
Synopsis.-This is the second report to be presented before the in the paper. Above the ionization voltage, the ionization loss is a Institute of the research investigation of ionization phenomena in linear function of the vottage.paper-insulated, high-voltage cables, which is being conducted at the (3) By employing the fact that in a cable the power loss in the Harvard Engineering School under the auspices of the Impregnated solid dielectric varies as the square of the voltage, even above the Paper-Insulated Cable Research Committee. This paper is a report ionization voltage, it is a simple matter to separate this loss from the of progress and will be followed by further reports as the work total dielectric loss in a cable, the remainder being the ionization progresses. power loss. The ionization power-loss curve concaves upwards The power dissipated as ionization loss in cables is much more directly above the ionization voltage. After all the gas films have harmful than the power dissipated in the solid dielectric. The become ionized, the curve becomes linear. This is confirmed by a paper presents methods of separating this ionization loss from the synthetic curve determined by the data obtained in (b). This total dielectric loss occurring in high-voltage impregnated paper analysis is given for four different cables having widely varying cables, the methods being verified experimentally. It consists essen-degrees of ionization. As a result of this analysts, the power-loss tially of seven parts as follows: curves of cables may now be expressed by a very simple equation.(1) A description of the apparatus and the method of impreg-It is suggested that the constants of these equations be used as a nating cable paper whereby test specimens having practically no basis for the quality of cables. occluded gases can be produced. It is necessary to prepare and test (4) Cable models, of glass and intervening air spaces, were samples in this manner in order to determine the law of their dielec-made and their dielectric-loss curves determined as with the actual tric properties over a wide range of voltage gradient. It is only by cables. The analysis of the curves gives results identical with those obknowing this law that it becomes possible to separate the ionization tained with actual cables. This seems to verify the results obtained loss in the cable from the total dielectric loss. These experiments with the cables themselves. show that with three typical but widely different types of impreg-(5) It is possible to express the power-factor curve by a simple nating compounds, the power factor and capacitance are constant up equation, from which its maximum, etc., may be determined. In to gradients as high as from 250 to 300 volts per mil; the power loss reality the power-factor curve consists of three simple curves. is proportional to the voltage squared under these conditions. These (6) The energy current of a cable may be analyzed into three results are illustrated with curves. simple components, one of which is determined b...
Synopsis.-This is the third report to be presented before the caused by longitudinal and tangential stresses. Hence, it may be Institute of the research investigation of ionization phenomena in assumed when the ionization-power curve is concaved upwards, that paper-insulated, high-voltage cables, which is being conducted at the longitudinal and tangential stresses exist within the cable. This Harvard Engineering School under the auspices of the Impregnated theory is substantiated by investigations with cable models.Paper-Insulated Cable Research Committee. This paper is aThe value of the maximum power factor and of the voltage at which report of progress and will be followed by further reports as the work it occurs are shown to be very simple functions of the three characteriscontinues.tic cable constants. With a considerable number of cables,the The total power dissipated in impregnated-paper insulation may calculated and the experimental values of these quantities are in he separated by the graphical method into the component dissipated close agreement. in the solid dielectric and that dissipated in the ionized gas films,The fact that the maximum power factor is independent of gas and also may be separated analytically into these two components by pressure, determined experimentally by E. S. Lee, is verified selecting three suitable points on the power curve. This separation both experimentally and analytically. It is also shown that the gengives the three characteristic cable constants.
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