Evaluation of congestion in outpatients with chronic HF may be based on NTproBNP, IVC ultrasound, or lung ultrasound; they are useful in identifying patients at high risk of hospitalization or death due to HF.
IVC ultrasonography is a useful tool in follow-up of patients with chronic HF, allowing identification of patients at high risk of worsening and hospitalization. However, its usefulness is not higher than that of NTproBNP.
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