Treatment trials have been realized with a new compact process in order to meet the drinking water regulation newly implemented in the province of Quebec. This process is especially designed for the supply of small communities. It combines complementary treatments operated by a centralized computer: ozonation, membrane filtration, and biological filtration, thus reducing operation to basic tasks. The process functioned very well for the period under review, in spite of extreme conditions met: cold water and constant fluctuation of the raw water quality. The process considerably lowers the contents of organic compounds (TOC, DOC, and color), the turbidity, the chlorine demand, and the concentrations of trihalomethane precursors present in the raw water. For this specific application, the backwash wastewaters may be mixed and discharged directly into a river nearby.Résumé : Des essais de traitement ont été réalisés dans le cadre de l'accréditation d'un nouveau procédé par le Comité sur les technologies de traitement en eau potable du gouvernement du Québec. Le procédé testé est compact et il est conçu spécialement pour alimenter les petites communautés. Il combine différentes étapes de traitement complémentaires (ozonation, filtration sur membrane et filtration biologique) et commandés par un système de contrôle automatique. Le procédé a très bien fonctionné pendant la période de suivi, malgré les conditions extrêmes rencontrées : eaux froides et fluctuation constante de la qualité de l'eau brute à traiter. Le procédé abaisse considérablement les teneurs de composés organiques (COT, COD et couleur vraie), la demande en chlore, les concentrations de précurseurs de trihalométhanes (SDS-THM) et la turbidité présentes dans l'eau brute. Dans le cas expérimenté, les eaux de lavage du tamis, des membranes et des unités de filtration peuvent être mélangées et rejetées directement dans le milieu environnant.
A long term program was initiated in 1987 to develop an electric utility indirect coal-fired gas turbine combined cycle. This initial program was supported primarily by U.S. electric utility organizations and had as a purpose the experimental assessment of a ceramic heat exchanger concept applied as a high pressure gas turbine air heater developed by Hague International. The purpose of the initial phase of the development program was to determine if the ceramic materials, then available for use in the air heater, would withstand the high temperature 2200 F (1204 °C) corrosive environment produced by the combustion of coal. Also, in this initial phase, the program was intended to evaluate means of preventing the fouling of the air heater by fly ash. This experimental work was successful. A second phase of the program to build a 7-MW thermal input prototype was initiated in 1990 under the auspices of a cooperative agreement with the U.S. Department of Energy Morgantown Energy Technology Center (DOE-METC). This work was funded by a consortium of electric utilities, utility organizations, industrial organizations, state agencies, international entities, and the U.S. Department of Energy-METC. New members joined the existing Phase I Consortium to participate in funding the second phase. This second prototype phase is nearing completion and test results are to be available beginning mid-1994. A third, or demonstration phase, of the indirect-fired gas turbine program was selected under the U.S. Clean Coal Technology Program Round V. in May, 1993. This demonstration phase is currently in the planning and preliminary engineering stage. The objective of this proposed demonstration phase is to repower an existing coal-fired power plant in the Pennsylvania Electric Company system at Warren, Pennsylvania (Figure 1). This paper describes the demonstration plant, and the anticipated role of the EFCC cycle in the power generation industry, as well as the performance and economic merits of the Warren repowering concept.
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