Background:Rasashastra is a branch which deals with the pharmaceutics of Rasaoushadhis. Bhasmas are one among such Rasaoushadhis which are known for their low doses and fast action. A verse from Rasaratnasamuchchaya says that the bhasma prepared by using Mercury as media is of best quality.Materials and Methods:Following this principle, Yashadabhasma (Zinc calx) was prepared by subjecting it to Samanya shodhana (general purification method for all metals), Vishesha shodhana (specific putification method for Zinc), Jarana (roasting) and Marana (incineration) with Parada(Mercury) as a media under Gajaputa (classical heating system with 1000 cowdung cakes).Results and Conclusion:Yellow colored Yashadabhasma which passed all the classical bhasmaparikshas (tests for properly prepared calx) was obtained after two putas. The bhasma did not pass Nishchandratva(free from shining particles) test after 1stputa but was passed after giving it 2ndputa.
Yashada bhasma (Calx of Yashada i.e. Zinc) which has its main indication in Prameha (Diabetes) and Netra vikaras (Eye disorders) was prepared according to the prescription in the Ayurvedic classics and subjected to various bhasma parikshas, including the Namburi Phased Spot Test (NPST), one of the qualitative tests described for various Ayurvedic preparations. NPST helps differentiate between, and thus identify, various bhasmas. It depends upon the pattern of the spot, which develops after a specific chemical reaction. Three market samples of Yashada bhasma, which were said to be Parada marita (incinerated using Mercury), were also subjected to the above tests and results compared. The various bhasmas exhibited marked differences in colour, and though NPST yielded desired results for all the samples, there were differences in their spot patterns and colour. The bhasma prepared in our department produced the most accurate results.
Shodhana of Swarnamakshika carried out by Bharjana in Eranda Tila. Marana of Swarnamakshika by finely powdered Shudda Swarnamakshika was taken in a Khalvayantra. Then equal quantity of Shudda Gandhaka was added and triturated together till they become homogenous. To this mixture 100ml of Jambhira Rasa was added triturated well till it becomes semisolid consistency. The paste were made into shape of Chakrikas weighing 25gm and 8cm uniformly and kept for drying. Subjecting into 5 required number of Varahaputas. The present day lifestyle and food habits have increased the production of free radicals. These cytotoxic free radicals not only raise the oxidative stress but also play an important role in the immune-system dysfunction due to which the mankind is prone to various major ailments and it is now proved that diseases like Prameha, Pandu, Vatavyadhi etc. are free radical mediated ones. To tackle these free radicals our body needs antioxidants. An antioxidant is a molecule which is capable of inhibiting the oxidation of other molecules. Oxidation reactions can produce free radicals which in turn start chain reactions that damage cells. Antioxidants terminate these chain reactions by removing free radical intermediates and inhibit other oxidation reactions. Many herbals drugs and compound herbal preparations have been screened for their antioxidant and immuno-modulatory properties but still there is a need for effective antioxidants. This dearth and also the fact that Swarnamakshika is being used in treating many of the free radical mediated diseases prompted us to take the present study which aims to validate the Antioxident effect of Swarnamakshika Bhasma scientifically and explain its probable mode of action at the cellular level.
Mukta Bhasma (MB) is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation for upper respiratory and lower respiratory conditions, eye disorders, powerful cardiac tonic, immune-regulator, mood elevator and known to promote strength, intellect and semen production. Mukta bhasma is prepared using direct heat as a media of transformation. Mukta Bhasma was evaluated for its hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities against Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver damage in wistar albino rats. Mukta Bhasma (100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 300mg/kg) was administered to experimental rats for 10 days. Silymarin (25mg/kg) was given as the standard drug. The hepatoprotective activity was assessed using various serum biochemical parameters like (SGOT), (SGPT), Total and Direct bilirubin (TB and DB), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Total Triglycerides (TG) and Total Cholesterol (TC). Lipid peroxidation (LPO), Reduced Glutathione (GSH) and Catalase (CAT) were determined to explain the antioxidant activity of Mukta Bhasma. The substantially elevated levels of SGOT, SGPT, TB and DB, ALP, TG and TC due to CCl4 treatment were restored towards near normal by Mukta bhasma (MB) of 200mg/kg dose. Administration of MB 200mg has shown significant reduction in the biochemical parameters like SGOT, SGPT, ALP, Bilirubin, Total cholesterol and Total triglycerides with significance of p<0.001 in all the parameters when compared to CCl4 group. Also, they were near to the standard Silymarin group. Mukta bhasma 200mg has shown significant (p<0.001) reduction in the LPO level, increase in CAT and GSH representing significant antioxidant activity of Mukta bhasma. The histopathological study showed reduction in fatty degeneration of liver in MB 200mg/kg body weight. Thus, results revealed that Mukta bhasma afford significant hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects in CCl4 induced hepatic damage.
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