No abstract

Cosmetics play a dynamic role for every person to have a glad and confident life. In the current scenario, herbal cosmeceuticals have more demand because they have no side effects. People often suffer from acne, whiteheads, and blackheads, so scrubbing becomes essential. The main objective of the present study was to prepare a herbal-mineral facial scrubbing effect cleansing bar. Majorly facial skin comes in direct contact with dirt, pollution, dust particles, and many dead cells. Some facial preparations are required to remove the dead cells and make the skin in fine fettle, cleaned, and nourished. The present study formulated a laterite soil-based herbal scrubbing effect cleansing bar for all typed skin using laterite soil powder. In contrast, glycerin soap base, virgin coconut oil, olive oil, bee honey, aloe vera, lime juice, turmeric, and lavender essential oil are used and evaluated by using various parameters such as physical appearance, color, odor, pH, washability, irritants, stability studies, microbial tests, heavy metals, and total fatty matter. It was given fruitful results with all the tests. The herbal formulation had characteristic pleasant order, reddish-brown in color having, light, non-irritant to the skin and quite an elegant, microbial and heavy metal safe product. Thus, the formulated scrubbing effect facial cleansing bar can be utilized efficaciously without a side effect that exfoliates makes healthy, clean, and glowing skin. Keywords: Facial scrub, Cosmetic, Herbal, Mineral, Laterite soil

Existing methods for dye removal have their limitations and can be expensive and not very effective. Therefore, the search for efficient, effective, less expensive, and environmentally-friendly ways to remove industrial dyes from water remains open. Methylene blue (MB) removal from aqueous solutions is studied using raw laterite soil as a low-cost adsorbent. The physico-chemical properties and surface area were determined. Effects of parameters such as contact time, laterite dosage, pH, and ionic salts on MB adsorption by raw laterite were examined. The results showed that the maximum removal efficiency of MB adsorption was observed at pH values above 10, after 60 min of contact time, and with an adsorbent (raw Laterite) dose of 1.00 g in 100mL of dye solution. Increasing the salt concentration decreased the absorption of dye from solution. Ionic salt media containing, CaCl2 and KCl have shown maximum and minimum influence, respectively, on the adsorption of MB by raw laterite soil. At the optimum conditions, the experimental adsorption capacity of raw laterite was 2.930 mg/g. The experimental data fitted the pseudo-second order kinetic model (R 2 = 0.99). The Freundlich adsorption isotherm model (R 2 = 0.99) showed the best fit to the experimental adsorption data. According to the Freundlich isotherm model, the calculated adsorption capacity of raw laterite was 2.949 mg/g. Desorption studies with several solvents revealed that the adsorbent could successfully retain MB, up to 33.89%. Therefore, it can be considered that raw laterite soil is effective in removing MB from aqueous solutions.