There is either a practically complete dearth or an abundance of work on the perception of time-this depends on our viewpoint. If the expression "time perception" must be used either in the title or in the body of the paper, the interest shown for this subject appears to be accidental and almost negligible. On the other hand, if we consider that every response an organism can execute has a specific temporal attribute and that manifesting a conscious response means the perception of a characteristic and definite timeindependently of whether or not this conforms with any of our physical measurements that may indicate according to them the duration of the response-numerous investigators have been concerned with time perception in one or another of its various forms. With this last consideration in mind, I have selected for review a small number of articles on the perception of distance, as well as the very small amount of work which is unmistakably on time perception.The work on rhythm is small in amount, and it is similar in certain respects to the work on time perception. The term rhythm, like time perception, is very equivocal. Kaila (6) offers a nativistic and empirical explanation of space perception. The classification of our perceptions of space into the two-and three-dimensional seems to have but little foundation. Each response, as was earlier suggested by G. E. Miiller (Lotze is not mentioned in this connection), has its own spatial attribute, and its manifestation means the perception of space in a particular form or dimension. If we touch the tongue, the associated peripheral and central structures that respond are different physiologically from those which respond when the leg is similarly stimulated. The accompanying sensations are also different. If we speak of the tongue or the leg we are by this act reporting a perception of space, either two-or three-dimensional, this depending to a great extent upon the other ways we are responding at the same time. The same things can be said of the peripheral and central visual structures. The expression "local sign" means an association of a peripheral and a central set of structures. Each "substitute for the local sign" is itself a local sign; only it is one that is
This is mainly a study of two functions of the nasal blood vessels. One of these functions is the conduction of arterial blood and the other is the conduction of venous blood. The problem of the functions of these vessels is inseparably coupled with the problem of the architectural arrangement of them in the lining of the nasal passages. The general architectural arrangement of the networks of nasal blood vessels is amazingly similar in all of the mammals that I have studied, but the functions of individual vessels and of complete networks of nasal vessels in some mammals are the reverse of those functions in some other mammals. This coupled problem involves certain problems of vasculogenesis. The entire problem is one that is so difficult to comprehend that I shall present some of the principal observations in the form of photographs and photomicrographs and shall discuss these results by making frequent reference to the schematic illustrations presented as Figs. 1, 2 , 3 and 4 after these first four figures have been fully explained. Figs. 1, 2 , 3 and 4 are schematic representations of observations which were made prenatal and postnatal on various mammals. It should be imagined that each of these figures is a reasonably accurate reproduction of a cross-section of a small portion of the nasal lining.It should also be imagined that the lumina of the vessels are filled with India ink and that the surrounding tissue, including the walls of the vessels, has been cleared so that only the ink in the lumina can be seen. Fig. 1 represents a stage of development during early intrauterine life in mammals with long gestation periods or during relatively late intrauterine life in mammals with relatively very short gestation periods. A t this stage the horizontal networks of vessels and the simple anastomotic connections between thesc networks have already developed. (In a later paper I shall discuss the development of these blood vessels and also the origin and development of the
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