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A potential online nondestructive method using a multifrequency electromagnetic (EM) sensor to measure the decarburization of steels has been proposed and tested. Online (hot) testing was simulated, using composite samples comprised of a 316 stainless steel (paramagnetic) core and a surrounding tube of ferritic steel (ferromagnetic), with thicknesses between 100 and 600 lm. The sensor can detect the decarburization and quantify the depth. Offline (cold) measurement of decarburized high-carbon steel rods was also carried out and compared with the online measurement. The relationship between the sensor output and the decarburized layer type/thickness has been modeled using finite element methods (FEMs).

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