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To enlarge the palette of environmentally-responsible landscape plants, 117 garden rose cultivars were evaluated under minimal input conditions. Other than mulching and irrigation, no other inputs were provided, including no fertilization and no pesticide applications. Plants were established in completely randomized blocks with four reps in the spring of 1998 with data collection beginning in 2000 and continued through 2002. Data on overall performance (an index comprised of flower number, percent of plant covered with flowers and plant growth) and relative chlorophyll content were collected the first and third week of each month from April through October. Disease ratings or incidence ratings were collected for Diplocarpon rosae Wolf (black spot), Alternaria sp. (petal blight) and Sphaerotheca pannosa (powdery mildew). Statistical analysis was performed on the mean data for all dates. `Knockout' was the top rose for overall quality with little or no disease observed, high foliage quality, and continuous flowers from spring until late in the fall. `Knockout' also ranked among the top rose cultivars in terms of overall nutrient concentrations (N, P, K, and Fe) in new growth tissue. Most of the hybrid tea roses such as `Peace' and `Double Delight' died in at least three blocks due to disease and a lack of vigor.

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shoots plus stolons of Tifdwarf at a 5-mm mowing height and grown in either a loamy sand soil or a sand-based 'Tifdwarf' bermudagrass [C. dactylon (L.) Pers. ϫ C. transroot zone mix exceeded those of similar portions of vaalensis Burtt-Davy] is one of the most widely used cultivars on golf course putting greens in the southern USA because of its superior 'Tifway' bermudagrass at a 12-mm mowing height and putting green quality. This study evaluated the effects of photosyngrown in similar soils (Miller and Dickens, 1996). The thetic photon flux density (PPFD), temperature, and nitrogen fertilability to accumulate TNC under frequent mowing at ization on growth and development of Tifdwarf bermudagrass. In heights from 3.5 to 6.5 mm contributes to the persistence controlled environment studies, increasing N increased bermudagrass of Tifdwarf. internode length, leaf length, and shoot weights. Increasing N had no Temperature, photoperiod, and light levels influence significant effect on the chronological appearance rate of successive bermudagrass growth and development. New shoot proleaves and axillary buds. The phyllochron was positively correlated with day/night temperature. The internode and leaf length were great-duction and stolon elongation occurred for 'U-3' bermuest at the 27/19؇C treatment and least at the 35/27؇C treatment. Indagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers) when day temperaternode length increased from 20 to 40 mm as the PPFD decreased tures were greater than or equal to 15.5ЊC and night from 975 to 300 mol m Ϫ2 s Ϫ1 at 27/19؇C but only increased from 10 temperatures were greater than or equal to 4.4ЊC (Youngto 22 mm long at 35/27؇C. Leaf lengths responded similarly. Leaf and ner, 1959). Longer internodes and less stolon and rhiinternode length were greater at low than at high day/night temperazome branching were observed in bermudagrass grown tures regardless of incident light. The alteration in growth form ocat 20% of full sunlight than when grown in full sun curred within 3 to 4 d of treatment initiation. Results indicated that (Dong and de Kroon, 1994). Orthotropic shoots (elongen, and light on the developmental morphology of Tifdwarf bermudagrass.