For the New Zealand region, the distributions of reactive phosphorus, chlorophyll a, surface primary productivity, integrated primary productivity, and zooplankton biomass are collated, mainly from previously published data. The hydrology of the New Zealand region intimately affects the amount of reactive phosphorus available for phytoplankton growth.
The winter distributions of mesopelagic fishes, crustaceans, and cephalopods across the Subtropical Convergence east of New Zealand are shown to reflect the hydrological changes associated with convergence of Subtropical and Subantarctic Surface Waters. Samples collected in the upper 400 m in each of these water masses and in mixed water over the Chatham Rise contained members of faunal associations apparently characteristic for each area. The area of strongest hydrological change was characterised, at least for fishes and crustaceans, by a considerable decrease in species richness. Use of cluster analysis confirmed the clear correpondence between geographic species associations and water masses.
Electrophoresis, comparative morphology, and prevalence of parasites were examined in arrow squid Nototodarus sloani from New Zealand waters. Electrophoresis revealed 2 alleles at the a-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase locus. Specimens from eastern and southern areas of New Zealand were fixed for a slow allele and specimens from western areas were fixed for a fast allele. Two types of hectocotylised ventral arms were observed in mature males; one type was found in eastern and southern areas and die other in western areas. Nybelinia sp. post-larvae showed high infestation levels in western squid, but none were found in eastern and southern specimens. It is concluded that there are 2 species of arrow squid in New Zealand and that these are associated with the major water masses. Some overlap between the species was found in fishery areas Cook Strait, Tasman Bay, and Egmont.
The five zoea and one megalopa larval stages of Munida subrugosa (White), 1847, are described, and a key for the separation of the zoea larvae is given. The zoea larvae are compared with previously described specimens from the Falkland Islands, and are found to be distinct from these specimens in all stages except the first.
Trolling surveys showed that albacore tuna are about equally abundant in subtropical and Subtropical Convergence Zone surface waters off the south-east coast of New Zealand. Few albacore were located in Subantarctic Surface Water, indicating that the Subtropical Convergence Zone is the southern limit for albacore in this area.
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