A universal, physically intuitive description of collectivity in heavy nuclei is obtained in terms of the parameter P =N p N n / (Np+N n ) which gives the average number of interactions of each valence nucleon with those of the other type. Regardless of mass region, deformation sets in when P =P C nt ~ 4-5. This, in turn, gives a rule that medium-mass and heavy nuclei with effective N p or N n < 4 cannot be deformed. An interpretation in terms of the monopole and quadrupole p-n interactions is discussed.PACS numbers: 21.60.Ev

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A series of measurements of nuclear stimulated desorption was performed for compounds containing the isotopes 47Ca and 99Mo. A persistent charged component was observed in the desorbed flux of 47Sc resulting from the decay of 47Ca. A transient charged component in the flux of 99mTc was detected for some chemical forms of the 99Mo compound.

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