This article highlights the important questions of preservation of Scotch pine on a qualitative and productive basis. It is being noted that the susceptibility of Scotch pine trees to pine-leaf cast in different areas of Zhytomyr region has increased during recent years. The importance of Scotch pine as a conifer, as well as its therapeutic, recreational and resource role in modern forest biocenoses of the region promts us to urgent and effective solution to the problem of mass drying up. We should take into account the spread of concomitant diseases in biocenoses. The paper presents the biological characteristics of pine-leaf cast that affects the Scotch pine in the process of germinating and growing seedlings. The pine trees in five districts of the region have been screened and the scoring scale of the damage caused by the causative agent has been modified. It is noted that in some local territories of natural biocenoses the number of trees affected by the disease ranges from 15 to 30 %. It has been investigated that pine-leaf cast causes significant inhibition of Scotch pine trees that leads to rapid development of pine fungus and honey mushrooms on the damaged trees and their remains. The analysis of the research results makes it possible to assert that the causative agent of the disease is more widely spread under conditions of high humidity and high air temperature. The screening of the disease spread to the Scotch pine makes it possible to assert that the percentage of pine trees infected by the pine-leaf cast increases with the closeness of young pine plantations. This process gains the intensity after 10-15 years of tree growth. Our further research will focus on the study of pathological processes in the Scots pine trees in the Polissya. It will be based on broad-side methodological approaches to the study of different types of microscopic fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes. The latter are known to be the pathogens transfer vectors of different taxonomic groups. In the course of such studies one should pay attention to the complex state of the soil on which the Scotch pine is grown: its concentration with heavy metals, toxic waste, radiation contamination. The work proposes a number of preventive measures to combat pine-leaf cast based on traditional and new technologies. The latter are based on the use of bioorganic compositions based on polysaccharides, fungi («Bioecofunge»development of the
The sanitary condition of pine plantations in the conditions of Polissia of Ukraine was assessed. Derevostan grows in different types of forest vegetation conditions B2GDS, B3GDS, C2GDS, C3GDS. According to the data of 27 circular trial plots, which were established during 2018–2020 in the territory of the State Enterprise Zhytomyr LH Berezivske Forestry, the State Enterprise Korostyshivsk LH Ivnitske Forestry, the State Enterprise Korostensky LH APC Melenivske Forestry, which covered the typical growing conditions of pine plantations of Zhytomyr Oblast. The index of sanitary condition showed that the pine forest belonged to strongly weakened stands. Analyzing the sanitary condition during the research period, it is worth noting that in 2018, the tree stand of the plantations in the Ivnytsia Forestry was weakened, and the average index was 2.42. In Berezivsk and Melenivsk forests, the sanitary condition index was 2.58 and 2.67, which indicates that the degree of damage is average, and the plantations are strongly weakened. Based on the results of the research, it was established that in 2019 the sanitary condition in the Bereziv forestry improved and amounted to 2.12. By state category, the largest number of I category is 2019 – 40.0 %, 2019 II – 27.6 %. In the Ivnytsia forestry, the sanitary condition index was 2.52, the plantations were greatly weakened. In the Meleniv Forestry, the average sanitary condition index of 2.44 indicates that the tree stand is weakened. It is proven that in 2020 the sanitary condition improved compared to other years of research and amounted to 2.11. In Ivnytsia Forestry, the sa-nitary condition remains very weak. In the Meleniv Forestry, the average sanitary condition index was 2.29, which indicates that the tree stand is weakened. It has been established that pests, diseases and forest fires are the biggest deterioration of the sanitary condition in the territory of Zhytomyr Oblast. To prevent the development of these negative factors, it is necessary to create mixed pine plantations, to carry out timely felling of forest care. Key words: condition categories, sanitary condition index, type of fo-rest vegetation conditions, completeness, Scots pine.
Objective. To research the influence of bioorganic composition Bioekofunge-1 and cerium dioxide nanoparticles on growth and development of planting material of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Methods. Biotechnological, environmental, virological and microbiological methods. Results. The stimulating effect of Bioekofunge-1 and cerium dioxide nanoparticles on planting material of Scots pine, namely acceleration of growth and development of both aboveground and underground organs of pine plants, has been demonstrated. Specifically, we have found that treatment of Scots pine seedlings with 0.5 % Bioekofunge-1 solution results in average increase of height by 39.05 % and average increase in weight of roots by 51.85 % compared to the control group treated with water. Also, we have shown that treatment of Scots pine seedlings with 0.5 % Bioekofunge-1 solution and 0.001 % solution of cerium dioxide nanoparticles results in increase of height by 31.25 % and average increase in weight of roots by 23.49 % compared to the control group treated with water. Our research has brought to light antipathogenic and healing effect of integrated treatment with cerium dioxide nanoparticles and bioorganic composition Bioekofunge-1, namely 3-7 % of Scots pine seedlings in the control group had ring rotting near the root collar, which was absent in the seedlings, which were treated with 0.5 % Bioekofunge-1 solution and 0.001 % solution of cerium dioxide nanoparticles. At the same time, soil environment in which the plants of the control group were grown, was contaminated with pathogens of different taxa, while soil environment where plants treated with both Bioekofunge-1 and Bioekofunge-1 in combination with cerium dioxide nanoparticles were grown, did not contain pathogens. Conclusion. Applying both Bioekofunge-1 and Bioekofunge-1 in combination with cerium dioxide nanoparticles is an effective way to obtain healthy planting material of Scots pine. It was established that these agents stimulate the growth and development of Scots pine plants.
The high level of natural ecosystems' biodiversity is the key to their sustainability. Conservation of species diversity is one of the key tasks of nature reserves. Achieving of this goal is impossible without high quality of monitoring. The results of species diversity monitoring of higher vascular plants of forest ecosystems with the type of habitat conditionsboreal forests, Drevlyansky Nature Reserve are presented in this article. 12 quarters of Narodytskyi and Rozsokhivskyi nature protection research departments of the Drevlyanskyi Nature Reserve were studied. According to the results of research, the species composition of higher vascular plants of boreal forests vegetation conditions were determined. A total of 26 species belonging to 17 families were identified, 24 genera, among which the most numerous are the families of heather, thin-legged, pink, bean, deaf nettle, bellflower and birch, characteristic of the forests of Narodytsky and Rozsokhiv NSD. Numerical accountings were performed, on the basis of which the dominant specie was determinedcranberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.), the dominance index of which is 0.457. The general Margalef species diversity index, which is 2.85, the Simpson index-0.741, the Shannon index-1.72 and the equivalence index (Piel)-05,84 for the studied forests. Certain indicators indicate low stability of these areas with the type of habitat conditionsboreal forests. Therefore, the prospect for further research is to continue monitoring of these areas, given their vulnerability and to study the patterns of dynamics of plant populations and develop measures to improve the effectiveness of measures to preserve species diversity in the nature reserve "Drevlyansky".
Pine plantations drying has been observed during the last decade. Mass drying occurs in the temperate climate zone forests. Scots pine has been signifcantly weakened in recent years, which may further result in a change in the type of forests in Zhytomyr Polissia. This article covers the issue of growing Scots pine seedlings treated with Bioecofunge-C. A study of the biological preparation effect on the germination and growth of Scots pine seedlings in the conditions of Zhytomyr Polissia was conducted. It was proved that the germination energy of Scots pine seeds was signifcantly higher in the areas where Bioecofunge-C was applied compared to the control and amounted to 95 %. An average increase in the height of the seedlings by 34.2 % and root length by 34.9 % was noted during the cultivation of one-year-old Scots pine seedlings in the forest nursery of the Korbutiv Forestry, where the seeds were treated with the preparate. Scots pine seedlings were treated (root dosing) during the growth and development of Scots pine seedlings. The obtained results showed positive dynamics in terms of height in comparison with the control treated with water. The preparate use is promising for obtaining high-quality planting material since the treatment with Bioecofunge-C ensure the preservation, obtaining high-quality planting material and the yield of seedlings. It has been established that obtaining high-quality planting material is one of the most important components of the technologies for growing tree and shrub plants at forestry enterprises of Ukraine. However, obtaining and high-quality planting material resistant to adverse factors requires improvement of existing or development of new measures and methods. It has been proven that the artifcial restoration of the Zhytomyr Polissia forests depends on the cultivation of high-quality planting material. Key words: forest plantations, height, growth technology, planting material, seeds, growth, Zhytomyr Polissia.
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