Because the practise conditions put the ski-mountaineering athletes potentially at risk for exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB), this study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of EIB in this population. Thirty-one highly-trained ski-mountaineers with racing experience participating in the race were evaluated. EIB was determined after a European race at high altitude and frigid conditions. Pre-race investigations included pulmonary function measurements and a questionnaire enquiring about i) training habits, ii) respiratory history during training and/or competition. Pulmonary function was also tested after the race. None of the athletes reported a basal airway obstruction. Two groups were determined after post-race airway response: i) EIB (+) group exhibiting a fall in FEV (1) > or = 10 % (n = 15) and ii) EIB (-) without fall in FEV (1) or fall < 10 % (n = 16). Neither training habits nor baseline lung function were associated with the post-race airway response. Six of the 31 ski-mountaineers had a previous physician-made diagnosis of asthma and/or EIB, nevertheless 23 of our athletes complained about at least one characteristic symptom of asthma during practise. Four of our 15 EIB (+) had a previous physician-made diagnosis of asthma/EIB indicating that 73 % of EIB (+) athletes were undiagnosed for EIB. The proportion of allergic athletes was not significantly different between EIB (+) and EIB (-). This study showed that approximatively half of highly-trained ski-mountaineers with racing experience can develop EIB after a race and that 73 % of them are unaware of the problem.
Aim-To study the eVect of a warm up schedule on exercise-induced asthma in asthmatic children to enable them to engage in asthmogenic activities. Method-In the first study, peak flows during and after three short, repeated warm up schedules (SRWU 1, 2, and 3), identical in form but diVering in intensity, were compared in 16 asthmatic children. In the second study the eYciency of the best of these SRWU schedules was tested on 30 young asthmatic children. Children performed on diVerent days a 7 minute run alone (EX1) or the same run after an SRWU (EX2). Results-The second study showed that for most children (24/30) the fall in peak flow after EX2 was less than that after EX1. The percentage fall in peak flow after EX2 was significantly correlated with the percentage change in peak flow induced by SRWU2 (r=0.68). The children were divided into three subgroups according to the change in peak flow after SRWU2: (G1: increase in peak flow; G2: < 15% fall in peak flow; G3: > 15% fall in peak flow). Only the children in the G3 subgroup did not show any gain in peak flow after EX2 compared with EX1. Conclusion-The alteration in peak flow at the end of the SRWU period was a good predictor of the occurrence of bronchoconstriction after EX2. An SRWU reduced the decrease in peak flow for most of the children (24/30) in this series, thus reducing subsequent post-exercise deep bronchoconstriction. (Br J Sports Med 1999;33:100-104) Keywords: bronchoconstriction; children; asthma; warm up Physical activity including the practice of many sports tends to be limited in children with post-exercise bronchospasm 1 2 unless they take appropriate medication before exercise. However, physical activity in sports and games contributes to the physical and psychological growth of asthmatic children.3-5 Apart from premedication, various training schedules and warm up periods have been proposed to attenuate the post-exercise bronchospasm seen in these children.6 7 A continuous warm up of three minutes had no beneficial eVect on the bronchospasm induced by treadmill, 8 though short, repeated warm up periods (SRWU) have been shown to reduce the bronchospasm induced by a subsequent long run.9 10 In our study three SRWU schedules were evaluated in 16 children with asthma, and the eYciency of the best of these SRWU was then examined in a further series of 30 asthmatic children. MethodsThe tests were conducted outdoors in a centre for the treatment of asthmatic children in the Pyrenees mountains at an altitude of 1800 m. This centre is dedicated to improving the asthmatic status of the children through physical activity in a non-polluted environment. Ambient mean (SD) temperature was 4 (5)°C with a low humidity (1.5 (0.5) mm Hg). FIRST STUDYThe first study aimed at selecting an optimum SRWU schedule. Sixteen children, aged 11 (2) years, with post-exercise asthma were included. All were tested in the laboratory and showed a fall in FEV 1 of at least 15% after completion of a short 7 minute maximal exercise performed on an ergometric bicycle...
Background: At the admission in rehabilitation program, some patients with chronic respiratory disease were asked by a health professional to to answer a questionnaire about their sexuality. The objectives of the study were 1) to determine if sexual problems occurred in patients with respiratory chronic disease ; 2) to assess if these survey problems were linked to respiratory disease; 3) to explore the motivation to speak about sexuality during rehabilitation program. Methods: 52 consecutive respiratory disease subjects (58.3 ± 9 yr; FEV1 = 65.5 ± 21 % predicted, mean ± SD) answered a sexuality questionnaire survey with rehabilitation team (psychologists, nurses, physiotherapists). This group comprised 26 men and 26 women. Results: 70% of patients estimated that respiratory disease had an impact on their sexuality. A visual analog scale showed that 62% of patients were not satisfied. The severity of obstruction (FEV1) was not correlated to satisfaction (r=.017, P=0.90), or frequency (r=.08, P=0.55). Breathlessness was the most important factor of discomfort in sexual activity (61.5%). Tiredness and cough came second (32% and 21% respectively). 63% of respiratory patients never spoke about their sexuality with a health professional. 60% would like the health professional to begin to talk about their sexuality. 36% of patients spoke about it with a professional. In this group, 94% of patients told the professional about their sexual activity on their own initiative. Conclusion: More than one of two chronic respiratory disease patients (77%) participating in a rehabilitation program want sexuality to be taken into consideration during their program.
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