BACKGROUND: Superficially invasive neoplasias of the uterine cervix are a matter of controversy in terms of their definition, prognostic factors and selection of treatment to minimize the risk of recurrences. METHODS: Forty-three women with invasive cervical carcinoma, operated from 1993 to 2003, were postoperatively staged as IA cervical carcinoma. There were 28 patients who were submitted to class III radical hysterectomy, 9 patients to class II hysterectomy, 2 patients to class I hysterectomy, and 2 patients to abdominal trachelectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection. Mean age of patients was 44 years (range, 27-64 years). RESULTS: Twenty-three patients (56.1%) were stage with IA1 and 18 (43.9%) with stage IA2 disease according to the 1995 FIGO classification. Tumor histology revealed squamous cell carcinoma in 38 (92.6%) cases, adenocarcinoma in 2 (4.8%) cases and glassy cell carcinoma in 1 (2.4%). The average number of examined lymph nodes was 17.4 (2-53). Lymphovascular space invasion was identified in 3 patients. None of the 41 patients had metastasis to the pelvic lymph nodes or developed recurrence of disease. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that patients with cervical cancer stage IA1 have an extremely low risk of pelvic lymph node metastasis and an excellent prognosis, so nonradical management that excludes pelvic lymph node dissection could be as effective as radical surgery in these patients. Stage IA2 invasive squamous carcinoma of the cervix should be treated with radical hysterectomy with lymph node dissection considering the presence of risk factors. The treatment should be individualized and based on an exhaustive pathological evaluation of an adequate cone biopsy specimen
The sense of smell is the least examined of all senses. The significance of the organs of smell is in their influence on the mental state as well as on the vegetative, visceral and sexual functions. The objective of this experiment was to define the influence of sex on the olfactory function. It was performed on 120 subjects (60 females and 60 males) divided into three age groups (20 - 30; 31 - 40; 41 - 50 years of age). The experiment was carried out by the Fortunato-Niccolini olfactometric method using six odorous experimental substances: A - anethol, PH - phenyl-ethyl-alcohol, C citral, M - menthol, V- vanillin and P - pyridine, the thresholds of perception (TP) and identification (TI) being defined for each odorous substance. The examined females had slightly lower thresholds of perception (TP) and identification (TI) in relation to the males of the same age group. However, the differences were not statistically significant except for the group of subjects between 41 and 50 years of age where the females, being in the pre-menopause, had significantly better olfactory functions. The results can be explained by the weakening of the olfactory power as a result of ageing in both sexes, however, the females still experienced the protective role of sex hormones
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