The collision of a solitary wave, travelling over a horizontal
bed,
with a vertical wall
is investigated using a boundary-integral method to compute the potential
fluid flow
described by the Euler equations. We concentrate on reporting new results
for
that part of the motion when the wave is near the wall. The wall residence
time,
i.e. the time the
wave crest remains attached to the wall, is introduced. It is shown that
the wall
residence time provides an unambiguous characterization of the phase shift
incurred
during reflection for waves of both small and large amplitude. Numerically
computed
attachment and detachment times and amplitudes are compared with asymptotic
formulae developed using the perturbation results of Su & Mirie (1980).
Other features
of the flow, including the maximum run-up and the instantaneous wall force,
are also
presented. The numerically determined residence times are in good agreement
with
measurements taken from a cine film of solitary wave reflection
experiments conducted by Maxworthy (1976).
International audienceUntil now, it has been observed that a collective handling of uniform spheres could only lead to a random close packing of 0.64 maximum volume fraction. In this Letter, we show that denser crystalline arrangements can be obtained when beads are poured at low flow rates into a horizontally shaken container. A parallel is suggested between this process and that of colloidal sedimentation which also yields crystalline structure
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