The changing scenario of consumption and production of pulses will have significant influence on the demand- supply prospects of pulses in India. The country as whole, production of redgram had increased marginally (0.45%) during 1980-2012(Overall study period), though there is positive and significant growth in production(2.86%) during 1980-90 (Period-I), mainly due to lower growth during 1991-2012(period-II). The significant growth in production (1.39%) and productivity (1.04%) of bengalgram in the entire period except area (0.35%) was observed. However, growth in greengram production (1.14%) and productivity (1.21%) was found almost similar. In case of blackgram, positive growth rate in area, productivity and production in both the periods have ultimately resulted higher growth rates in the overall period. The growth in total pulses production indicated that growth in area (-0.10%) was negative while it was positive both in production (1.49%) and productivity (1.59%) during period-I. Similar pattern of growth was observed during period-II and in the overall study period. The estimated demand for pulses were 183.62 lakh tonnes over supply of 148.66 lakh tonnes indicating deficit of 34.96 lakh tonnes during 2001 –2011. Further, demand for pulses expected to reach 225.36 and 255.16 lakh tonnes in the year 2020 and 2030 respectively. Whereas, supply of pulses will reach 218.50 and 237.00 lakh tonnes in the same period indicating narrow gap between demand and supply in the future.

Objectives: To study the socio economic condition of dairy and non-dairy farmers in rural-urban interface of Bangalore. Methodology: The study was conducted in rural area and surrounding of Bangalore urban in India. Data of 240 dairy samples, 120 non-dairy samples were drawn from different layers of South and North transects during 2016-17. Thus, the total sample size was 360. By using descriptive statistical analysis was done.Study was conducted in rural–urban interface of Bengaluru also heighted the influence of urbanization was brought changes in their herd size and socio-economic condition of the dairy farmers. Findings: Study reveals that most of the rural people occupation was dairying, younger generation (36- 41 age) was more involved in more than others and their average operational holding (6.40) acre was less in dairy farmers as compare to non-dairy farmers. Education level was more in non-dairy farmers than the dairy farmers as dairy demands more labours. Dairy act as one of the instrument to alleviate the poverty generates the employment, income and provides the sustainable livelihood security for the dairy farmers. Therefore, it needs a paradigm shift in focusing more on marketing and production oriented dairy system for sustainable development and poverty alleviation oriented dairy system.

As we compare with production export of Indian fruits is low. India has a large number of varieties of fruit in its basket and nearly accounts for 13 per cent of the world's total fruit production. The overall focus of this study was to reveal the results of significant fruit growth trends and the export destination of fruits in the world. The study used secondary data on mango, banana, grapes oranges, and apple from 2001-02 to 2015-16. Compound Annual Growth Rate and Markov chain analysis were to analyze the growth and destination. The study concluded that the growth rate of export of banana, mango, orange, grapes, and apples was higher in Iran, Bangladesh, Nepal, Russian Federation, and UAE in terms of value and quantity respectively. Markov chain analysis indicated that Saudi Arabia is a stable destination for Banana, Bahrain for mango, UAE, for grapes, Bangladesh for oranges, and Nepal for apples. India has vast potential in the production of many fruits but proper export guidance and training programmes are need to be arranged to farmers, which may help to reach out to the world market.

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