Composting of livestock manure is an effective method for managing the nutrients for agronomic purposes and reducing environmental and human health risks. Capability to analyze the biowastes on-site at the start of, periodically during, and at the end of composting could facilitate managing the composting process and increase the value of the end products. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is well known for its capability to analyze organic substances rapidly and cost-effectively. This study was conducted to explore the capability of a field-portable NIR spectrometer to determine nutrient composition of beef feedlot manure when raw, stockpiled (not turned), and composted (windrowed and turned). Over a 2-yr period, beef feedlot manure mixed with bedding (wheat straw) was sampled annually at cleanout, after storage for some months in a large stockpile, and from windrows subjected to active thermophilic composting. Samples were dried and ground and scanned with the field-portable Corona 45 VIS NIR (visible/near-infrared) spectrometer (Carl Zeiss, Germany) from 360 to 1690 nm. NIRS was found useful in two ways. Classification analysis (Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy [SIMCA]) using the spectral data alone showed that stockpiling the manure did not change in composition significantly whereas compost was
., Manning, G. and Fuller. L. 2002. Determination of soil organic carbon and nitrogen at the field level using near-infrared spectroscopy. Can. J. Soil Sci. 82: [413][414][415][416][417][418][419][420][421][422]. This study explored the use of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for the rapid analysis of organic C (C org ) and organic N (N org ) in the A horizon of soil within a single field. Soil was sampled throughout a field in Manitoba, Canada to capture soil variability associated with topography. The soil samples were oven-dried and treated with acid to remove carbonates, after which C and N were determined by dry combustion. In this study, portions of the dried soil samples not treated with acid were scanned with a near-infrared scanning spectrophotometer between 1100 and 2500 nm. Correlating the spectral and the chemical analytical data using multiple linear regression or principal component analysis/partial least squares regression gave useful correlations for C org . Over the range of 0-40 mg g -1 C org , NIRpredicted values explained 75-78% of the variance in the chemical results. Results were improved to 80% for calibrations developed for the 0-20 mg g -1 organic C range. Useful results were not obtained for N org although the literature shows that total N in soil is predictable using NIRS. It is likely that the acid treatment altered the composition of the samples in an inconsistent manner such that the chemically analyzed samples and those scanned by NIRS were different from each other in N org concentration or composition. Extrapolation of these C org results to the landscape scale implies that NIRS has potential to be a suitable method for mapping C for the purposes of monitoring C sequestration. Les chercheurs ont tenté de déterminer si on pourrait recourir à la spectroscopie dans le proche infrarouge (SPI) pour doser rapidement le C et le N organiques dans l'horizon A du sol. Ils ont prélevé des échantillons de sol un peu partout dans un champ du Manitoba, au Canada, en vue d'établir la variabilité du sol attribuable au relief. Les échantillons ont été séchés au four puis acidifiés pour éliminer les carbonates, et la concentration de C et de N a été établie par combustion sèche. Une partie des échantillons, non traitée à l'acide, a ensuite été évaluée au moyen d'un spectrophotomètre à balayage dans le proche infrarouge (de 1 100 et 2 500 nm). En corrélant les données obtenues par l'analyse chimique et la spectrométrie au moyen d'une équation à régression linéaire multiple ou par analyse des principales composantes et régression partielle des moindres carrés, on a obtenu des corrélations valables pour le C organique. À la concentration de 0 à 40 mg de C organique par gramme, les valeurs prévues par la SPI expliquent 75 à 78 % de la variance des résultats venant de l'analyse chimique. Un ré-étalonnage à la concentration de 0 à 20 mg de C organique par gramme porte ce résultat à 80 %. Bien que certains auteurs affirment qu'on peut prévoir la concentration totale de N dans le sol par la SPI, l'étude ...
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