A study was conducted to examine the clinical signs, hematological, biochemical and histopathological changes in vitamin D3 toxicity at a dose rate 2 mg/kg b.wt. of vitamin D3 and to assess the protective effect of Aloe vera in vitamin D3 toxicity. The clinical signs observed were anorexia, progressive weight loss, difficulty in movement and respiration, diarrhea, epistaxis, subnormal body temperature and nervous signs before death. Mortality was observed in treated rats between day 10 and day 19 of treatment. The gross postmortem changes observed were severe emaciation, white chalky deposits on epicardial surface of heart, pin point white deposits on cortical surface of kidneys with pale yellow discoloration and diffused white deposits on serosal surface of stomach and intestine with bloody ingesta in lumen. The hematological changes included non-significant increase in hemoglobin and total leukocyte count and significant increase in relative neutrophil count. The biochemical changes observed were significant increase in plasma concentration of calcium, phosphorus and blood urea nitrogen, whereas a significant decrease in the concentration of albumin and total plasma protein was observed. The histopathological lesions included calcification of various organs, viz., tongue, stomach, intestines, kidney, heart, aorta, larynx, trachea, lungs, spleen, choroid plexus arteries of brain and vas deferens. The Aloe vera juice (2.5% in drinking water) has no protective effect on vitamin D3 toxicity (2 mg/kg b.wt.).

Jatropha kernel meal was detoxified through the process of solid‐state fermentation using Aspergillus niger fungus. A 60‐d feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with fermented Jatropha kernel meal (FJKM) on the hemato‐biochemical and histopathological parameters in Labeo rohita fingerlings (average weight 6.05 ± 0.04 g). A total of 180 fish were randomly distributed in 12 experimental tanks in four dietary groups, namely control (SBM‐based diet), T1 (10% FJKM replacing 33.3% SBM), T2 (20% FJKM replacing 66.7% SBM), and T3 (30% FJKM replacing 100% SBM). There was no significant difference in the red blood cell, white blood cell, hemoglobin, total protein, albumin, globulin, and respiratory burst activity among the various groups, but significantly higher hematocrit value and albumin/globulin ratio were observed in the T2‐fed group compared with the control. No statistical difference was found in serum glucose level of the control and FJKM‐fed groups. Histopathological examination of the intestine and liver indicated no adverse effects in the control and FJKM‐fed groups. Our findings revealed that FJKM can replace 100% SBM protein in the diets of L. rohita fingerlings, without any adverse effects on fish health.

No abstract

Introduction production in India, last decade [6]. Information regarding the 96 hrs LC toxicity of λ-cyhalothrin in 50 Synthetic pyrethroid insecticides are structural Labeo rohita has not been reported till date. Hence, the analogue of pyrethrins which are insecticidal compounds present study was undertaken to determine the acute obtained from plants such as the loading density which was higher than the recommended density 1.0 g/l to reduce the chemical loss. The fingerlings were brought from the local fish hatchery, disinfected and acclimatized for 14 days in laboratory conditions. 60 fingerlings, 10 each were divided into six plastic tubs of 35 L capacity with 0 ug/L (control), 10 ug/L ethanol only (vehicle control), 0.1 ug/L, 1ug/L, 5 ug/L and 10 ug/L of λ-cyhalothrin in 20L of dechlorinated tap water. Static renewable bioassay was conducted using five selected doses in between concentrations causing 10 to 100% mortality i.e. 2 ug/L, 2.5 ug/L, 3 ug/L, 3.5 ug/L and 4 ug/L along with control and 4.0 ug/L of acetone only as vehicle control. Water quality parameters like temperature, pH, total hardness and total alkalinity were measured daily. The experiment was repeated three times. Behavioural pattern and mortality was recorded periodically. Results:The fish exposed to chemical showed erratic swimming, loss of balance, surfacing and convulsions in a dose dependent manner. 2.72 ug/L was calculated as 96 hrs LC value for λ-cyhalothrin in Labeo rohita. 50Conclusions: λ-cyhalothrin was reported as highly toxic chemical for Labeo rohita producing altered behavioural pattern in dose dependent manner.

Pesticides and bacterial endotoxin have been implicated in variety of respiratory dysfunctions. In present study, mice were administered chlorpyrifos at 3 mg/Kg BW/day for 30 days (by oral gavage) and/or challenged with bacterial endotoxin at 80 µg/mice by intranasal route to investigate expression of apoptosis related proteins such as p53, Bax and caspase-3 in lung. The results of immunohistochemistry of lung showed significant increase in number of p53 expressing cells in chlorpyrifos treated mice as compared to control while endotoxin and chlorpyrifos+endotoxin treated mice showed increased number of p53 expressing cells as compared to control and chlorpyrifos treated mice. Chlorpyrifos or endotoxin administration resulted in increased expression of Bax and Caspase-3 while chlorpyrifos treated and endotoxin challenged mice showed synergistic effect on expression of these proteins. From these results, it is concluded that chlorpyrifos and/or endotoxin increased critical apoptosis related proteins such as p53, Bax and Caspase-3 in lung of mice, which may play pivotal role in pathophysiology of pulmonary dysfunctions resulting from exposure to pesticides and endotoxin.