Background: The population of patients receiving haemodialysis is on the increase in Nigeria. Various complications are associated with this life-saving procedure. Reports of sudden profound sensorineural hearing loss, following initiation of haemodialysis, are rare in the literature. Aim: The aim of this report is to highlight the unusual occurrence of sudden hearing loss after a common life-saving procedure. Methods: This is a case report of a 31year old military officer who had an end-stage renal disease due to a chronic glomerulonephritis and with a baseline good social hearing. He developed profound hearing loss immediately after the first session of haemodialysis. Clinical evaluation of the ear was done. Pure tone audiometry and full audiological evaluation was conducted. This was repeated nine months later. Findings: Ear examination revealed unremarkable outer ear/otoscopic findings. Tuning fork test showed no perception to both Rinne's and Weber's test. Pure tone audiometry (PTA) revealed profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) with pure tone average (at 500, 1000. 2000. 4000Hz) of 93dBHL and 88dBHL in the right and left ear respectively. Repeat audiometry revealed no significant change. Conclusion: The patient developed irreversible bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss following initiation of haemodialysis. We recommend pre-haemodialysis otologic and audiometric evaluation for patients. This can be repeated at intervals to identify patients who may develop hearing impairment in the course of treatment of the disease. Also medical personnel offering dialytic therapies should be vigilant for this rare complication.
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