Crops and soils from field trials in 1967-1970 in several countries have been analysed for residues of the triazine herbicide cyanazine ('BLADEX'" or 'FORTROL'"' 2-chloro-4-(l-cyano-1-methylethylamino)-6-ethylamino-l,3,5-triazine) and for its degradation products 2-chloro-4-( l-carbamoyl-l-methylethylamino)-6ethylamino-1,3,5-triazine (11), 2-chloro-4-( 1-cyano-1 -methylethylamino) -6-amino-l,3,5-triazine (V) and 2-chloro-4-(1-carbonyl-l-methylethylamino)-6amino-l,3,5-triazine (VI).The time for the concentration of cyanazine in soils to fall to half the initial value was in the range 1.3 to 5 weeks with a mean value of 2.4 weeks. The rate of loss was not affected by sparse crop cover and there was some indication that the rate was greater under moist soil conditions.Residues of up to 0.5 part/million of (11) and up to 0.08 part/million of (VI) were detected in soils at 4 weeks from cyanazine application at 2 kg/ha. The residues of cyanazine and the degradation products declined rapidly and were 0.07 part/million or less at 16 weeks from treatment. Repeated annual applications did not lead to a detectable build up of residues in soil.Neither residues of cyanazine nor those of (11), (V) or (VI) could be detected in a wide range of crops harvested from soil treated in accordance with the likely recommendations and the limits of detectability were 0.01 to 0.04 part/million.
Experiments have been carried out to compare the effects of phosalone and the pyrethroid insecticide, WL85871 on the alfalfa leaf‐cutting bee. Laboratory trials using male adults exposed to treated filter papers showed that WL85871 at the rate of 15 g ha−1 caused mortality equal to or less than that with phosalone at 1000 g ha−1. At the rate of 10 g ha−1, the pyrethroid was less harmful than phosalone. Populations of about 400 females were reared in 4 flowering lucerne fields. One was the control and was not treated, the three other treatments were: A=phosalone at 1000 g ha−1, B=WL85871 at 10 g ha−1, C=WL85871 at 15 g ha−1. Two days after the treatments, counts of live females in artificial nesting sites showed the losses due to A, B, C to be respectively 31%, 21% and 12%. After hibernation and incubation of the progeny larvae, little effect of the treatments could be observed. No residues were detected in live larvae. The maximum residues found in leaves in nests were 71 mg kg−1 of phosalone and 1 mg kg−1 of WL85871. Much lower residues were found in pollen provisions, where the maximum values were 1 mg kg−1 of phosalone and 0–07 mg kg−1 of WL85871.
Trials have been carried out with “VAPONA” Pest Strips under practical conditions in houses in the U.K. and France. The purpose of these trials was to determine the residues of dichlorvos that occur in food prepared in kitchens in which strips were placed. Samples, each of which consisted of the combined food and drink for an adult for a day, were taken at intervals during the trials. The food items were exposed and the meals prepared, including any cooking, in the way normal to the household. The analyses for dichlorvos were carried out by a g.l.c. method using flame photometric detection. The results show that the residue concentrations from all the individual samples were less than 0.1 part/million. In the U.K. trial, the mean dichlorvos levels in samples taken 7, 42 and 70 days after the strips were hung were 0.03, 0.03 and 0.02 part/million respectively. In the French trial, the mean concentrations were a little lower, being 0.02, 0.02 and less than 0.01 part/million at the same times. The items of food and the way in which they were processed varied widely from sample to sample and also between the two countries. However, the residue concentration in a sample did not appear to be correlated with the food items or with the manner of processing. No relationship was observed between the volume of the kitchens used, which varied from 14 to 45 m3, and the level of residues found in the samples.
The molluscicide N-tritylmorpholine (FRESCON,~ trifenmorph) is used for the control of the intermediate snail hosts of fascioliasis in livestock. Laboratory and field studies have been undertaken to establish the fate of the compound following its use on pasture.Radiochemical techniques have been used under laboratory conditions to identify the potential degradation products. The major one has been shown to be triphenylcarbinol.Triphenylcarbinol was detected on pastures treated at 0.4 to 0.5 kg/ha under , practical conditions but the residues of it and of the parent molluscicide were generally below 0.3 mg/kg within 8 weeks of the application. On the pasture grass half of the initial deposit of N-tritylmorpholine was lost within 1 to 3 weeks and on soils it was lost within 1 to 4 weeks.Residues could not be detected in the tissues of sheep feeding on the treated pasture. Whilst small residues (0.023 mg/kg or less) were detected in the milk of some cows feeding on the pasture soon after application they were absent (below 0.002 mg/kg) in the milk at 10 days or more from treatment. I N-tritylmorpholine
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