An extracellular thermostable alkaline protease isolated from Bacillus laterosporus-AK1 was purified by sephadex G-200 gel filtration and DEAE cellulose ion-exchange chromatography techniques. The purified protease showed a maximum relative activity of 100% on casein substrate and appeared as a single band on SDS-PAGE with the molecular mass of 86.29 kDa. The protease was purified to 11.1-folds with a yield of 34.3%. Gelatin zymogram also revealed a clear hydrolytic zone due to proteolytic activity, which corresponded to the band obtained with SDS-PAGE. The protease enzyme had on optimum pH of 9.0 and exhibited highest activity at 75°C. The enzyme activity was highly susceptible to the specific serine protease inhibitor PMSF, suggesting the presence of serine residues at the active sites. Enzyme activity strongly enhanced by the metal ions Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ and this enzyme compatible with aril detergent stability retained 75% even 1-h incubation. The purified protease remove bloodstain completely when used with Wheel detergent.
Brown seaweeds usually
contain alginate as a major polymer. The
second major sulfated polymer in brown seaweeds is fucoidan, which
has huge potential in medicinal applications. In this study, the photosynthetic
pigments from Turbinaria decurrens were
first extracted using chloroform/methanol in the ratio of 1:1 (v/v),
followed by fucoidan extraction with yields of 5.58% (crude) and 1.28%
(purified fucoidan) from the dry weight of seaweed, whereas alginate
was extracted with a yield of 14.7% DW of seaweed. The isolated fucoidan
possessing anticoagulation property was identified and characterized
as (1–3)-α-l-fucopyranosyl residues with sulfate
groups primarily at the C4 position and to a lesser extent
at the C2 position, whereas in the case of galactose, at
the C3 and C6 positions. The AgNPs synthesized
using isolated fucoidan exhibit strong anticoagulant activity and
possess a good antibacterial property against Gram-negative clinical
bacteria. Functional groups such as O–H, C–H, and SO
associated with sugar residues in sulfated fucoidan are involved in
the synthesis of the nanoparticles with a spherical shape, size ranging
from 10 to 60 nm, and showing polydispersity. From this study, we
conclude that fucoidan-coated anionic AgNPs synthesized from T. decurrens have tremendous potential in drug development.
We inferred that ica operon and biofilm-forming S. epidermidis are common in the healthy skin of individuals in Tamil Nadu. Measures have to be taken to reduce the risk of hospital-acquired S. epidermidis infections.
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