Analysis of fuel emissions is crucial for understanding the pathogenesis of mortality because of air pollution. The objective of this study is to assess cardiovascular and inflammatory toxicity of diesel and biodiesel particles. Mice were exposed to fuels for 1 h. Heart rate (HR), heart rate variability, and blood pressure were obtained before exposure, as well as 30 and 60 min after exposure. After 24 h, bronchoalveolar lavage, blood, and bone marrow were collected to evaluate inflammation. B100 decreased the following emission parameters: mass, black carbon, metals, CO, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and volatile organic compounds compared with B50 and diesel; root mean square of successive differences in the heart beat interval increased with diesel (p < 0.05) compared with control; low frequency increased with diesel (p < 0.01) and B100 (p < 0.05) compared with control; HR increased with B100 (p < 0.05) compared with control; mean corpuscular volume increased with B100 compared with diesel (p < 0.01), B50, and control (p < 0.001); mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration decreased with B100 compared with B50 (p < 0.001) and control (p < 0.05); leucocytes increased with B50 compared with diesel (p < 0.05); platelets increased with B100 compared with diesel and control (p < 0.05); reticulocytes increased with B50 compared with diesel, control (p < 0.01), and B100 (p < 0.05); metamyelocytes increased with B50 and B100 compared with diesel (p < 0.05); neutrophils increased with diesel and B50 compared with control (p < 0.05); and macrophages increased with diesel (p < 0.01), B50, and B100 (p < 0.05) compared with control. Biodiesel was more toxic than diesel because it promoted cardiovascular alterations as well as pulmonary and systemic inflammation.
Abstract-In an era of unprecedented progress in sensing technology and communications, health services are able to evolve towards a close monitoring of patients and elderly citizens, without jeopardizing their daily routines, through health applications on their mobile devices, in what is known as e-Health. Within this field, we propose an optical fiber sensor (OFS) based system for simultaneous monitoring of shear and plantar pressure during gait movement. These parameters are considered to be two key factors in gait analysis which can help in early diagnosis of multiple anomalies, such as diabetic foot ulcerations or in physical rehabilitation scenarios.The proposed solution is a biaxial OFS based on two in-line fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), which were inscribed in the same optical fiber and placed individually in two adjacent cavities, forming a small sensing cell. Such design presents a more compact and resilient solution with higher accuracy, when compared to the existing electronic systems.The implementation of the proposed elements into an insole is also described, showing the compactness of the sensing cells, which can be easily integrated into a non-invasive mobile e-Health solution for a continuous remote gait analysis of patients and elder citizens. The reported results show that the proposed system outperforms existing solutions, in the sense that it is able to dynamically discriminate shear and plantar pressure during gait.
Sensors are increasingly present in the everyday life in widespread technological applications, and engineering smart systems able to simultaneously detect different physical quantities represents a scientific challenge. Taking advantage of the molecular chemistry realm that offers the possibility to finely adjust physical properties, it is demonstrated herein that the luminescent single‐molecule magnet [Dy(acac)3(H2O)2]·H2O (acac = acetylacetonate) acts as a dual and synchronous thermometric/magnetic optical sensor in large ranges (10.0–180.0 K and up to ≈45 T) holding the promise to detect their variations in future devices.
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