The behaviour of cyantraniliprole was studied in a lysimetric experiment. The experiment was carried out at the lysimeters of the Soil Research Station of Moscow State University from June 2015 to December 2018. The soil of lysimeter is soddy-podzolic silt loam. The insecticide was applied at the recommended and tenfold rates in 2015 and 2016. The maximum depth of migration of cyantraniliprole in the soil profile was 35 cm in October 2015 and 40 cm in October 2016. Cyantraniliprole was found in the leachate of lysimeter water 2 weeks after its first application in 2015 and continued until the end of 2018, that is, 2 years after the last treatment. Cyantraniliprole was found in most of the water samples analyzed. The maximum concentrations of cyantraniliprole in the leachate were 12.5 and 2.6 μg L−1 in lysimeters with tenfold and recommended doses, with mean values of - 1.7 and 0.6 μg L−1, respectively.
In the modern world, which is on the threshold of eight billion people, the issue of food security takes one of the leading places. Due to the limited amount of agricultural land, it is necessary to increase the yield of the fields, which is almost impossible without the use of chemical plant protection products. In turn, the use of pesticides carries huge risks to public health. Application of pesticides in the cultivation of agricultural lands can lead to their transfer into the human body in different ways. Pesticides can be transported with subsurface and lateral runoff into water reservoirs, from where they can reach the centralized water supply or be withdrawn from water sources by residents of settlements close to agricultural fields. Pesticide active volatile ingredients can evaporate from the soil surface and move over long distances. In addition, translocation of pesticides from soil to plants is a source of public health risk, which may result in further transfer of active substances in concentrations exceeding maximum residue levels (MRL) into human foodstuffs. In the same time, persistent pesticides can accumulate in the soil and subsequently lead to disruption of soil functioning. Therefore, hygienic regulation of pesticides is the most important issue in ensuring public safety. In addition to MAC values, it is proposed to use values based on the MAC: maximum allowable application level (MAEL) and safe residual quantity (SRQ). These values would allow to increase the level of protection of the population from potential harms of pesticides used in agricultural practices for specific soil and climate zones.
Introduction. The implementation of new pesticides into agricultural practice is possible only after their comprehensive toxicological and hygienic study and hygienic regulation, which is the basis for the preventing their adverse effects on the health of workers and the population, as well as on the environment. The rationale for the maximum allowable concentration of the pesticide’s active substance in the soil is based on the study of the main hazard indices established experimentally. The translocation hazard index in the soil-plant system, along with other indices of hazard (migrational-water, migrational-air and general-sanitary) in soil-water, soil-air and soil-microbiocenosis systems, reflects one of the indirect effects of xenobiotics on the contacting medium, by which the limiting index of the maximum allowable concentration of the pesticide’s controlled active ingredient is established. Material and methods. At this stage, studies have been carried out to investigate the translocation hazard index characterizing migration processes of the pesticide based on the active substance 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (phenoxyacetic acid class) from the soil to plants. The studies were performed with taking into account the observance of the requirements for carrying out experimental studies in standard, comparable soil and microclimatic conditions, and also in accordance with the principle of the extremality, which contributes the maximum migration of the studied chemical to the media (water, air, plant) in contact with the soil. To obtain a scientifically grounded threshold concentration of the substance of this hazard index, the study was carried out using a special sealed climatic chamber with controlled conditions of the ranges of illumination, temperature, and humidity of the air. Results. Based on the obtained experimental data, the threshold concentration of the controlled active substance was determined according to the translocation hazard index, in which the accumulation of the substance by plant phytomass at the time of harvest does not exceed the maximum permissible level (MRL) for food products.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.