The aim of the research is the search and development of methods (tools) for regulating fish behavior in the conditions of changing the water stream’s kinematic structure. This is possible only through a thorough study of the kinematic, hydrodynamic features of the biological object’s behavior and their correlation with the kinematics and hydrodynamics of the habitat (river, boundary layer). The availability of such information undoubtedly opens up a broad prospect for creating the fish protection zones near water intakes or in the lower pools of hydroelectric facilities before entering the fish passage facilities, in which the movement, habitat of fish will occur in the most natural comfortable way with minimal energy consumption. Using the method of “comparing” the bio-hydrodynamic characteristics of fish with the water flow structural elements’ parameters, a number of general laws are established. On the basis of these laws the hydraulic calculation of the optimal vortex structures’ kinematic parameters for fish is performed.
The structural analysis of the locomotion of various fish species presented in this work opens the possibility to take a fresh look at the solution of the problem of controlling fish behavior in a stream - through the prism of the kinematic structure of vortex structures generated by fish in the course of their swimming by different styles. In the locomotion of fish, there is an analogy with the phenomenon of the superimposition of two "antagonistic" forms of the jet stream - the wakeful (behind the streamlined object) and the flooded turbulent stream.
The current level of anthropogenic impact on open water sources shows a decrease in the quality of surface runoff, a constantly growing volume of water withdrawal for economic purposes, exerting the greatest significant impact and damage on the hydrobiological resources of water sources. The processes of interaction between subjects of hydro-biocenosis force us to study the mechanisms of interaction between fish, water flow, and hydraulic structure (channel), including the optimization of elements of hydraulic structures that affect the environmental safety of a water source as a whole. We noted the main formation patterns of the structure of a turbulent flow and its interaction with a hydraulic structure (channel), such as the pulsating nature of the aquatic environment, heterogeneous structure, gradient nature, and vortex structure. We analyzed the advantages and features of the effect of three-dimensional flow-forming elements on the behavior of fish. We developed the design and method of designing a bottom flow-forming element for controlling the behavior of fish in a river flow, substantiated geometrical parameters, created an optimal layout of bottom flow-forming elements in artificial channels. We provided an assessment of the use of technical solutions for flow-forming elements of existing and reconstructed fish protection facilities.
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