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The successful treatment of retinoblastoma with x-rays was first reported by Hilgartner (1903). Subsequently Foster Moore (I929) in London and Martin and Reese (1936) in New York confirmed that ionizing radiation could destroy this type of tumour, but the very high doses of radiation used by these earlier workers frequently caused severe complications sometimes leading to the loss of the eye.From a study of the histological sections of eyes treated with radon seeds by Moore, (Ellsworth, I968; Hyman, Ellsworth, Feind, and Tretter, I968). In this paper we have reviewed all the patients with retinoblastoma seen at this Unit since I960. A total of I69 cases was seen and treated, thirty of which were not subsequently followed by us; as most of the latter had been referred from foreign countries for treatment and had subsequently returned home, they have been excluded from the analysis of results.

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with malignant melanoma of the choroid of which 300 were treated by primary enucleation and 100 by the application of a cobalt plaque. Others were treated by light coagulation, and in some cases, particularly in older people, no active treatment was given but the patient was kept under careful observation.The purpose of this paper is to report 23 cases in which the eyes have been removed after cobalt plaque therapy for malignant melanoma of the choroid and to describe the histopathological changes. Case reportsThe ages of the patients varied between 30 and 75 years (average 51 years), and there were 14 males and 9 females. The interval between treatment by cobalt plaque therapy and enucleation of the affected eye varied from 7 months to 13 years and 10 months, but when the latter case is excluded the average interval was 32 months. The reasons for enucleation fell into 2 groups-failure of treatment with strong suspicion or clear clinical evidence of continued growth of the tumour, and radiation complications in the treated eye.