Successful treatment of vascular anomalies has eluded the physician until now, despite various treatments utilised. Bleomycin has been successfully used in intralesional injection treatment of cystic hygromas and haemangiomas, based specifically on a high sclerosing effect on vascular endothelium. In a prospective study of 95 patients, the effectiveness of intralesional bleomycin injection (IBI) treatment in haemangiomas and vascular malformations was evaluated and documented. Complete resolution or significant improvement occurred in 80% of all patients treated. Complete resolution occurred in 49% of haemangiomas, 32% of venous malformations, and 80% of cystic hygromas. Significant improvement occurred in 38% of haemangiomas, 52% of venous malformations, 13% of cystic hygromas and 50% of lymphatic malformations. Of the six patients who presented with a painful lesion, four experienced complete resolution and two had significant improvement to treatment. Local complications encountered were superficial ulceration occurring in 2 patients, and cellulitis in 1 of the 95 patients. Systemic complications were flu-like symptoms in three patients and partial, transient hair loss in two patients. None of the patients presented with haematological toxic effects or signs of pulmonary involvement (fibrosis, hypertension). IBI is an effective treatment in haemangiomas and vascular malformation lesions, obviating the need for invasive primary surgery or systemic treatment regimens in 80% of cases, and allowing for limited need of secondary surgical or adjunctive procedures in cases with a moderate result.
We present a near-infrared ($JHK_{\rm s}$) photometric catalog, including 14811185 point sources for a 40 deg$^2$ area of the Large Magellanic Cloud, 2769682 sources for an 11 deg$^2$ area of the Small Magellanic Cloud, and 434145 sources for a 4 deg$^2$ area of the Magellanic Bridge. The 10$\sigma$ limiting magnitudes are 18.8, 17.8, and 16.6 mag at $J, H$, and $K_{\rm s}$, respectively. The photometric and astrometric accuracies for bright sources are 0.03–0.04 mag and 0$\rlap {.}{^{\prime\prime}}$1, respectively. Based on the catalog, we also present (1) spatial distributions, (2) luminosity functions, (3) color–color diagrams, and (4) color–magnitude diagrams for point sources toward the Magellanic Clouds.
ABSTRACT. Two identical new instruments, the Sutherland High-speed Optical Cameras (SHOC), have been developed for use on the South African Astronomical Observatory's (SAAO) 1.9, 1.0 and 0.75 m telescopes at Sutherland. The SHOC systems are fast-frame-rate, accurately-timed, high-quality, visible-wavelength imagers. Each system consists of a camera, global positioning system (GPS), control computer and peripherals. The primary component is an Andor iXon X3 888 UVB camera, utilizing a 1024 × 1024 pixel, frame-transfer, thermoelectrically-cooled, back-illuminated CCD. One of SHOC's most important features is that it can achieve frame rates of between 1 and 20 frames/s during normal operation (dependent on binning and subframing) with microsecond timing accuracy on each frame (achieved using frame-by-frame GPS triggering). Frame rates can be increased further, and fainter targets observed, by making use of SHOC's electron-multiplying (EM) modes. SHOC is therefore ideally suited to time domain astronomy where high frame rates and extremely accurate timing are critical. Here, we present details of the instrument components, characteristics measured during commissioning, science demonstrations, and development plans. Attention is specifically given to exploration of the signal-to-noise (S/N) parameter space as a function of EM and conventional modes. These results enable observers to optimize instrumental settings for their observations and clearly demonstrate the advantages and potential pitfalls of the EM modes.
Repeated endoscopic injections of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate mixtures into large gastric varices in a single patient led to two complications: initially, pulmonary embolism, and later local ulceration of the wall of a varix. The latter resulted in massive uncontrollable hemorrhage that ultimately led to a fatal outcome. This case report also analyzes complications reported in the literature during similar endoscopic procedures for gastric varices.
A total of 57 endovascular embolisation procedures were performed for intractable epistaxis in 51 patients over a 4-year period at the Unitas Interventional Unit near Pretoria. Long-term follow-up was possible in 36 patients. Three cases were due to trauma and 2 directly related to previous facial surgery, 1 patient had hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), and the remaining 45 cases (88.2%) were classed as idiopathic. Eight patients (15.7%) had a rebleed between 1 and 33 days after the initial embolisation. Four were re-embolised once, 1 was re-embolised twice (the HHT patient), and 2 underwent additional ethmoid artery ligation (with no further bleeding). This gives a primary short-term success rate (in all 51 cases) of 86.3% and a secondary assisted success rate of 94.1% for embolisation alone. Long-term follow-up was obtained in 36 patients, with 35 (97.2%) reporting no further bleeding after the initial procedure(s). Only the patient with HHT developed multiple recurrent bleeds. The mortality rate was 0%, the major morbidity rate 2% (1 stroke), and the minor morbidity rate 25% (N = 36), which included transient facial pain, headaches and femoral problems related to access. Our results compare favourably with other published series. In conclusion, endovascular embolisation for intractable epistaxis is available locally as an alternative technique for the treatment of this difficult condition. IntroductionEpistaxis is a common condition, affecting an estimated 60% of the general population of whom an estimated 6% will seek or require medical assistance.1 Refractory or intractable epistaxis is defined as recurrent or persistent bleeding after appropriate conservative treatment, or multiple episodes of epistaxis over a short period of time, each requiring medical attention.2 Intractable epistaxis usually arises from the posterior or superior parts of the nasal cavity, and is therefore not readily controllable by direct pressure, topical cauterisation or anterior nasal packing. Arterial ligation has remained the mainstay of treatment for intractable posterior epistaxis in many centres.3-6 Percutaneous embolisation of the internal maxillary artery for nasal haemorrhage was first described by Sokoloff et al. in 1974. 7 Several other reports describing the efficacy of endovascular embolisation followed. [8][9][10][11] Currently, endovascular embolisation is an accepted method of treatment for haemorrhage from the nasal cavity or other craniofacial lesions . 12,13 Materials and methodsA retrospective audit was done of 57 percutaneous endovascular embolisation procedures in 51 patients performed over the 4-year period July 1999 -June 2003 at the Unitas Interventional Unit in Centurion. All patients were referred by an otorhinolaryngologist after failed conventional treatment, generally involving local cauterisation and/or nasal packing; 12 patients had also received a blood transfusion prior to embolisation. We reviewed our procedural data notes, with further clinical data obtained either from init...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.