C. E. Gimba, O. Ocholi, P. A. Egwaikhide, T. Muyiwa, and E.E. Akporhonor. 2009. New raw material for activated carbon. I. Methylene blue adsorption on activated carbon prepared from Khaya senegalensis fruits. Cien. Inv. Agr. 36(1):107-114. Activated carbons were prepared from Khaya senegalensis fruits. Carbonization and activation temperatures were 500 o C and 800 o C, respectively, at residence time of 5 min for each process. Activating agents were 1M each of NaCl, KCl, CaCl 2 , MgCl 2 .6H 2 O, Na 2 CO 3, K 2 CO 3, H 2 SO 4 , and ZnCI 2. Particle size was 125 μm and adsorption studies were carried out using methylene blue in aqueous solution as adsorbate through fi xed beds in micro columns. Equilibrium data were analyzed using adsorption intensity and capacity parameters from the Freundlich isotherms as well as breakthrough curves. Results were compared with performances of commercial animal charcoal and granular activated carbon. The results suggest that K. senegalensis fruits are suitable raw materials for producing activated carbons. The NaCI activated carbon has the best adsorption characteristics which are better than the commercial products.
β-Sitosterol was isolated from ethyl acetate leaf extract of Cissus populnea and characterized using H-NMR spectroscopy analysis. The antimicrobial activity of the leaf extract was also investigated in this study. Column chromatography was used to fractionate the ethyl extract, and thin layer chromatography was used to monitor the fractions. The result of the study showed that all isolates of Cissus populnea leaf inhibited or exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activities against tested microbes, with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of Cissus populnea fractions against tested microbes or organisms ranging from 6.25 to 100g/ml. The majority of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) activity levels were lower than the MBC levels. A lower MIC value indicates that fewer plant fragments (isolates) are needed to prevent organism growth.; thus, plants with lower MIC scores are more effective antimicrobial agents.
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