Background:The clinical efficacy of IV infusion of lidocaine for treatment of equine endotoxemia has not been studied. Hypothesis: Lidocaine infusion after exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) will inhibit the inflammatory response and have inhibitory effects on the hemodynamic and cytokine responses to endotoxemia.Animals: Twelve horses. Methods: Two equal groups (n 5 6): saline (GI) and lidocaine (GII). In all animals, endotoxin (500 ng/kg body weight [BW]) was injected intraperitoneally over 5 minutes. Twenty minutes later, animals received a bolus of GI or GII (1.3 mg/kg BW) over 5 minutes, followed by a 6-hour continuous rate infusion of GI or GII (0.05 mg/kg BW/min). Treatment efficacy was judged from change in arterial blood pressure, peripheral blood and peritoneal fluid (PF) variables (total and differential cell counts, enzyme activities, and cytokine concentrations), and clinical scores (CS) for behavioral evidence of abdominal pain or discomfort during the study.Results: Compared with the control group, horses treated with lidocaine had significantly lower CS and serum and PF tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) activity. At several time points in both groups, total and differential cell counts, glucose, total protein and fibrinogen concentrations, and alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, and TNF-a activities were significantly different from baseline values both in peripheral blood and in PF.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Lidocaine significantly decreased severity of CS and inhibited TNF-a activity in PF.
Five adult donkeys were experimentally infected with Brazilian strain of Trypanosoma evansi originally isolated from a naturally infected dog to study the hematological biochemical and histopathological alterations during the evolution of the disease. The course of the experimental infection was followed up to 145 days. Hematological analyses of the infected donkeys revealed a marked decline in hemoglobin, packed-cell volume, and erythrocyte count. Anemia was observed after successive peaks of parasitemia. Biochemical analyses showed increased levels of icterus index, serum globulins and decreased serum albumin and glucose values. All infected donkeys revealed enlargement of spleen and its white pulp, enlargement of mediastinal lymph nodes and lungs congestion. The main histopathological features consisted of meningoencephalitis. Demyelination in some areas of the cerebellum pediculus and neuropil vacuolization were observed. This study showed that donkeys infected with a Brazilian strain of T. evansi developed a chronic disease.
RESUMOAlguns aspectos clínico-cirúrgicos do criptorquismo foram investigados em 42 eqüinos. A freqüência da afecção foi elevada em cavalos Mangalarga, Quarto de Milha e sem raça definida que, em conjunto, totalizaram 73,8% dos casos. O criptorquismo abdominal (64,3%) predominou sobre o inguinal (35,7%). A retenção unilateral ocorreu na maioria dos casos (95,2%), com prevalência do criptorquismo abdominal unilateral esquerdo (45,2%). Também foi determinada a concentração da testosterona sérica em seis garanhões normais (grupo I) em plena atividade sexual (grupo-controle) e em 10 criptórquios (grupos II e III, respectivamente, cinco abdominais e cinco inguinais). A dosagem da testosterona sérica não revelou diferença (P>0,05) entre os três grupos. Os achados indicam que a produção desse hormônio permanece inalterada no criptórquio, justificando seu comportamento sexual, semelhante ao do garanhão normal. Palavras-chave: criptorquismo, testosterona, eqüino ABSTRACT
Morfometria de testículos escrotais, abdominais e inguinais de eqüinos criptórquios unilaterais RESUMOFoi realizado um estudo morfométrico de testículos escrotais e retidos de 10 eqüinos criptórquios unilaterais, sendo cinco abdominais e cinco inguinais. As características avaliadas foram espessura da albugínea testicular, área dos túbulos seminíferos e número de células de Leydig. A espessura da albugínea testicular mostrou-se reduzida (P≤0,05) nas gônadas criptórquias abdominais quando comparadas às escrotais contralaterais. Também foram observadas diferenças (P≤0,01) nas áreas dos túbulos seminíferos dos testículos abdominais e inguinais, que se apresentaram diminuídas quando comparadas às dos escrotais contralaterais. A diminuição foi de, aproximadamente, 45% nos testículos abdominais e de 31% nos inguinais. Não foram verificadas diferenças (P>0,05) na contagem de células de Leydig das gônadas criptórquias comparadas às escrotais contralaterais. Nos eqüinos, o criptorquismo afetou com maior intensidade a área dos túbulos seminíferos dos testículos abdominais e inguinais e a espessura da albugínea daqueles retidos no abdome.
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