Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self-archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com".

No abstract

No abstract

The fear for the future of human existence on this planet has made it necessary to pay special attention to studies that are related to the environment. In view of this, this study attempts to re-examine the environmental Kuznets curve in the midst of selected macroeconomic variables in Nigeria. The study estimated the relationship between carbon dioxide emission and some selected macroeconomic variables such as energy consumption (proxied by energy price); gross domestic product; population density; trade openness; ratio of manufacturing as a share of GDP and foreign direct investment using the ARDL model. With the adoption of secondary data for the period of 1981 to 2016 obtained from the world development indicator, the findings validated an N-shaped relationship between economic growth and the pollution in Nigeria in the midst of other Macroeconomic variables and based on this, it was recommended among others the building of a strong and effective environmental regulatory framework for the Nigerian economy and the adoption of clean technologies for the Nigerian economy

This study examined the impact of income inequality on female labour force participation in West Africa for the period 2004 to 2016. The study employed the Gini coefficient, the Atkinson index and the Palma ratio as measures of income inequality. For robustness, the study also utilises female employment and female unemployment as measures of female labour force participation. The study employed the instrumental variable fixed effects model with Driscoll and Kraay standard errors to account for simultaneity/reverse causality, serial correlation, groupwise heteroskedasticity and cross-sectional dependence. The empirical results reveal that the three measures of income inequality significantly reduce the participation of women in the labour force in West Africa. The study also revealed that domestic credit, remittances and female education are positively associated with female labour force participation in the sub-region. Further findings reveal that economic development reduces the participation of women in the labour force in West Africa with the U-shaped feminisation theory not valid for the West African region. The study, however, revealed an inverted U-shaped relationship between inequality and female unemployment. Policy recommendations based on these findings are discussed.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract