This study was designed to assess the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and the impact of impairment criteria on rates of diagnoses in a representative sample of elementary school children from a country in a region. We sampled 419 primary school children by using a one-stage design in Izmir, Turkey. The response rate was 99.5 % and 417 cases were assessed using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children Present and Lifetime Version and a scale to assess the impairment criterion. The results showed that 36.7 % of the sample met DSM-IV criteria independent of impairment and that 14.1 % of the population had one or more DSM-IV disorders when a measure of impairment specific to each diagnosis was considered. The most prevalent disorders were attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and anxiety disorders. This study provided the first estimates of the prevalence of specific DSM-IV-defined psychiatric disorders in Turkish population of children.

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Our results confirmed a substantially higher ADHD prevalence rate (more than double) than the suggested pooled worldwide prevalence, although similar to the one recently detected in a representative populational sample of children in the US (11 %). These findings, consistent with previous developmental epidemiology studies from Turkey, confirm that ADHD is highly prevalent in Turkish elementary school children.

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Purpose The goal of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale–Adolescent Form (ISMI‐AF). Methods A total of 145 adolescents (12–18 years of age) who were diagnosed with at least one mental disorder according to DSM‐5‐TR participated in the study. Data were collected at a mental health hospital between October 2017 and 2019 using a sociodemographic information form, the ISMI‐AF, and Beliefs towards Mental Illness (BMI) Scale. Reliability (Cronbach's alpha, Split–Half, Spearman–Brown, Hotelling T2 test) and validity analyses of the ISMI‐AF were performed. SPSS 26.0 and LISREL 8.80 software were used for statistical analyses. Results The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for total score was .88, Split–Half score was .84, and the Spearman–Brown factor score was .85. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the scale confirmed to the five‐factor structure in adolescents, but factor loadings and reliability coefficients were low in the “stigma resistance” subscale. There was a positive and weak correlation between ISMI‐AF and BMI (r = .37, p = .00). Conclusion The ISMI‐AF is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used in adolescents. This scale can help psychiatric nurses who work in this field identify and address internalized stigma, which is one of the key factors affecting adherence to treatment, especially in adolescents.

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