Suction curettage under ultrasonography guidance can be used in termination of selected cases (early diagnosed, without symptoms that necessitates emergency intervention) of cesarean scar pregnancy.

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a benign cholestatic liver disorder that is characterized by pruritus and elevated serum aminotransferases and serum bile acid levels (SBAs), with the Manuscript received: 26.07.2011 Accepted: 27.09.2011 Turk J Gastroenterol 2011 22 (6): 602-605 doi: 10.4318/tjg.2011

This study was conducted to determine the accuracy of frozen section diagnosis in borderline ovarian tumors. Thirty-three patients were evaluated on the basis of frozen sections between February 1992 and December 1997. Frozen section diagnosis and final diagnosis were divided into three categories: for frozen section diagnosis: 1 = benign, 2 = borderline, 3 = ‘at least’ bordeline, and for final diagnosis: 1 = benign, 2 = borderline, 3 = cancer. Three patients with a benign diagnosis according to their frozen sections were reclassified as borderline in the final diagnosis and all of them were of the mucinous type. The frozen section diagnosis of tumors of borderline malignancy was inaccurate in 3 of 23 patients. Four of 7 patients with at least borderline according to their frozen section diagnosis had invasive cancer at the final diagnosis. The correlation between frozen section diagnosis and final pathological examination was 72.7% (24/33). We found 9% (2/22) inaccurate results in the serous type and 36.6% (4/11) in the mucinous type. The sensitivity and specificity of frozen section diagnosis were found to be 86.95 and 57.14%, respectively. We concluded that frozen section evaluation in identifying a borderline ovarian malignancy is accurate enough to exclude the presence of a benign pathology.

Introduction Sexual dysfunction is more prevalent in postmenopausal women. Aims To prospectively evaluate and compare the effects of hormone therapy (HT) regimens, oral and vaginal estradiol, estradiol+drospirenone and tibolone, on sexual function in healthy postmenopausal women. Methods The study included 169 consecutive healthy postmenopausal women, and the women were divided into two groups: 111 women received HT, and 58 women received no treatment and served as a control group. As an HT, 23 women with surgically induced menopause received oral 17-β estradiol. The rest of the women with natural menopause were prospectively randomized: 22 received oral 17-β estradiol+drospirenone daily, 42 received oral tibolone, and 24 received vaginal 17-β estradiol. Sexual function was evaluated with a detailed 19-item questionnaire, the female sexual function index, including sexual desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain. Main Outcome Measures The differences in sexual function were compared before and 6 months after the treatment in all women. Results Total sexual function score increased from 19.81 ± 7.15 to 22.9 ± 6.44 in the HT group and decreased from 21.6 ± 8.69 to 17.6 ± 5.7 in the control group, revealing a significant difference from baseline to post-treatment between the two groups (P =0.000). The highest improvement in total score and arousal was achieved with the oral 17-β estradiol (P =0.000 and P =0.000, respectively). The highest improvement in lubrication was achieved with the oral and vaginal 17-β estradiol groups (P =0.000). The highest improvement in orgasm was achieved with the tibolone group (P =0.000). The highest improvement in pain was achieved with the oral and vaginal 17-β estradiol groups (P =0.000). Conclusions HT provided significant improvement in sexual function compared to women receiving no treatment, and therefore, HT regimens should be suggested for improvement in sexual functioning of postmenopausal women.

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