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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the direct impact of shopping experience of tourists on their satisfaction with shopping, while perceived crowding is used as a moderator in this relationship. Design/methodology/approach The proposed conceptual model was tested by an empirical study where the data were collected from 411 German tourists, visiting Kaleiçi, Antalya-Turkey. Findings The study results revealed that tourist shopping experience (consisting of education, esthetic, entertainment and escapism dimensions) significantly determines satisfaction with shopping. Moreover, crowding perception has a two-dimensional structure, as human and spatial crowding. Human crowding, which reflects high human density, is found to negatively moderate the effect of shopping experience on satisfaction, where spatial crowding, which is related to high space density, does not influence this relationship. Originality/value This study exceptionally shows that crowding perceptions of German tourists in shopping are affected by both human and spatial crowding. In addition, the moderating role of perceived crowding is clarified in the relationship between shopping experience and satisfaction.

Tourism business executives should discover critical ways to create a memorable experience by appealing to consumers' multi-sensory organs emotionally and rationally. From this point of view determining the most successful multi-sensory brand experience concept, which the customers fi nd most satisfying, is becoming a critical marketing strategy. So this study aims to fi nd the sensory based memorable tourism experiences, attributes/specifi c elements of the hotel business. With this aim, Adam&Eve Hotel, a themed hotel in Antalya, was chosen as the study sample. In this exploratory research, comments which were made electronically on Tripadvisor. com, known as the world's most visited online social travel information channel about the holiday experience, constituted the search data and the data was subjected to content analysis via Nvivo Software and the critical multi-sensory organs that create memorable tourism experiences were defi ned. The analysis of the results has been performed on the basis of fi ve sensory stimuli: 1) tactile, 2) gustatory, 3) olfactory, 4) visual, and 5) auditory. The fi ndings also revealed that nearly 70 percent of the recalled emotions and feelings from sensations related to visual stimuli which were detailed with the components like decor, interior/exterior design, etc. JEL classifi cation: M30, M31, M39

This chapter offers an analysis of spiritual tourism and its motivations. It argues that as a result of today's stressful city life, materialism and overexposure to constantly evolving technological developments, the vast majority of today's individuals have begun to drown in negative feelings such as alienation, loneliness, stress and spiritual emptiness. This has led them to be more interested in the concept of spiritualism than ever before and as a spiritual tourist, who is different from normal tourists, to search for self-fulfilment, personal healing and enlightenment.