Insects, leading the richest group in terms of species diversity in the world of living organisms, display the largest diversity in terms of feeding, habitat and adaptation to different living environments. In addition to studies related to the use of insects in the search for alternative foods in the world in general, the focus has been on toxicologic and pathogenic research about insects. The habitats of aquatic beetles are basically the water sources used for both agricultural and drinking water, so aquatic beetles gain further importance. Aquatic insects were collected from different localities in Erzurum and surroundings. After species identification of the collected samples, digestive tracts were dissected under aseptic conditions and microbiological analyses were performed. Isolates were identified by analyzing molecular and conventional data together. In addition to conventional analyses, 16S rDNA gene sequences were amplified with PCR reaction and DNA sequencing analyses were performed. After BLAST analysis of the obtained DNA sequences, GenBank accession numbers were obtained. In this study, the aim was to identify definite and potential human pathogens in bacteria isolated from the intestinal microbiota cultures, characterized with conventional and molecular methods, of insects among the aquatic beetles.
As a result of climate change and the ozone layer spoilage, harmful rays of the sun such as UV reach the world more and harm agricultural production. To be protected from the harmful effects of UV, not only human beings, but all living organisms have developed different characteristics. In recent years, pigments with radiation absorbing and antioxidant properties have been used against UV damages. In this study, the effect of carotenoid pigments obtained from bacteria and fungi on the lettuce plant (Lettuce Yedikule 5701) was investigated due to its high antioxidant and UV protection properties. Pigment solutions partially purified from microorganisms were sprayed onto the plants. While an increase was detected in the amounts of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the lettuce plant with the effect of UV, a decrease was observed in these parameters when applied with pigment solutions. With the same application, microbial pigments protected the plant against the harmful effects of UV by increasing the antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX) and the amount of chlorophyll. As a result of this study; It has been determined that microbial pigments, which can be obtained easily and with low costs, have protection properties against the harmful effects of UV and provide the plants with properties to resist the stress.
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