Ultrasonography detects and localizes superficial foreign bodies with low radiopacity in the tissues of the body more effectively than CT and conventional plain radiography. However, CT is a more effective technique for visualization of foreign bodies in air than ultrasound and conventional plain radiography.

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of tooth agenesis and the associated skeletal morphology and arch widths in a group of Turkish patients seeking orthodontic treatment. Material and Methods: We designed a retrospective study composed of pre-and post-treatment panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalometric films of 3,341 patients (2,040 females and 1,301 males). Tooth agenesis was evaluated for hypodontia and oligodontia -excluding the third molars-from the orthopantomograms. The significance test for the differences in the skeletal morphology between hypodontia and non-hypodontia patients was performed using the Pearson chi-square and Student t-test. Results: The prevalence of tooth agenesis was 4.6 percent for the Turkish orthodontic patient population. Tooth agenesis was found more frequently in females than in males, although this difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The most commonly missing teeth were the maxillary lateral incisors, followed by the mandibular second premolars and mandibular central incisors. Intercanine and intermolar widths in the maxillary and mandibular arches were significantly reduced in the hypodontia group compared with the control group (p<0.01). Tooth agenesis was statistically and significantly less in patients with skeletal Class II (p<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in hypodontia patients in the vertical relationship of the jaws (p>0.05). Conclusions: The prevalence of tooth agenesis was found to be 4.6 percent for the Turkish orthodontic patient population (hypodontia 4.3% and oligodontia 0.3%), and was found more frequently in females. Intercanine and intermolar widths were significantly reduced in the hypodontia group for both jaws compared with the control group.

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It is possible that PAT is a more frequent condition than is commonly perceived. In differential diagnosis of suspected cases or in cases for which surgical treatment is planned, panoramic radiographs should be supplemented with CBCT.

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Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of Stafne bone defect (SBD) and to describe the clinical and radiological characteristics of detected cases. Methods: A retrospective study was performed using panoramic radiographs from 34 221 patients undergoing dental treatment in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology at Erciyes University and Ataturk University, Turkey. After finding an image compatible with SBD in the radiographs, multislice CT (MSCT) on seven patients and cone beam CT (CBCT) on six patients were performed to confirm the diagnosis. Results: Of the 34 221 patients, 29 (0.08 %) had SBDs, of whom 4 were female (13.8%) and 25 were male (86.2 %). The age range of patients with SBD was 18-77 years (mean age 49.6 years). SBD was found in the lingual molar region in 28 patients and in the lingual caninepremolar region of the mandible in 1 patient. The contour of the concavities on CT images (MSCT and CBCT) was detected. The MSCT revealed glandular tissue within the defects. Conclusions: According to our results, SBD is an uncommon anomaly. Examination of MSCT images supports the presence of aberrant submandibular glands within these mandibular defects, suggesting that pressure from submandibular gland tissue had caused the SBD, as generally thought. Both CBCT and MSCT can provide adequate support for the detection of SBDs. The CBCT could be suggested as the most suitable non-invasive diagnostic modality for this bony configuration of the mandible since it provides a lower radiation exposure dose than MSCT. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology (2012) 41, 152-158. doi: 10.1259/dmfr/10586700 Keywords: bone cyst; computer-assisted three-dimensional imaging; panoramic radiography; cone beam computed tomography; salivary glands Introduction Stafne bone defect (SBD) was first described by Stafne in 1942, who reported 35 asymptomatic unilateral radiolucent cavities in the posterior region of the mandible. Lesions were located between the mandibular angle and the third molar, below the inferior dental canal and above the mandibular base. 1 Many other terms have been used to describe this entity, including aberrant or ectopic salivary gland; static, latent or idiopathic defect, cavity or cyst; mandibular salivary gland inclusion; lingual mandibular bone cavity, concavity or depression; and Stafne cyst, defect or cavity. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] The posterior lingual variant has an incidence of between 0.10% and 0.48% when diagnosed radiologically. However, some cadaver studies have revealed that the incidence of the lesion may be as high as 6.06%. The age range is quite wide, although there is a clear predilection for males in the fifth or sixth decade. 3,6,9 When the term SBD is found in the literature, it usually refers to the posterior lingual variant. The anterior lingual variant is seven times less frequent than the posterior and is usually located between the incisor and the premolar areas, above the insertion of the mylohyoid muscle. 2,11When reviewing the literature regar...

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