This case report emphasizes the importance of long-term follow-up and initial surgical treatment of low-grade ESS and suggests systemic hormonal therapy in case of recurrence.
The overall survival in CDH is around 50%, antenatal endoscopical therapy may only be considered, if the diagnosis is performed in the early second trimester, and selection criteria such as the lung to head ratio, associated defects and the chromosomal status can be applied.
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) represents a premalignant, non-invasive intraductal carcinoma of the breast. About 30% of all mammographically detected breast cancers contain DCIS. Due to the increased use of mammography during the last 20 years the incidence of DCIS has dramatically risen. Histologically it represents a heterogenous group of potentially malignant lesions. The prognosis of DCIS is excellent, but the optimal management of the disease still remains controversial. This review summarizes the results of the latest randomized trials and retrospective analyses investigating the optimal therapeutic strategies in the treatment of DCIS. In addition, it presents a range of treatment options on the basis of the guidelines of the German gynecological oncology group (AGO) 2008.
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