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The role of second hand smoke (SHS) exposure on ulcerative colitis is not known. Our aim was to examine the effects of α-lipoic acid (ALA), chronic aerobic (AE) or resistance exercise (RE) on SHS exposed rats with colitis. Sprague-Dawley male rats (150-200 g, n=54) were selected for colitis induction. Among the colitis groups, one group was exposed to SHS (6 d/wk, 4 cigarettes/d) and the other was not. The SHS group was divided into subgroups as follows: sedentary; AE (swimming; 3 d/wk); and RE (climbing with weight; 3 d/wk). After 5 weeks, colitis was induced by intrarectal acetic acid. All groups had subgroups that were given subcutaneously ALA (50 mg/kg per day) or vehicle for 3 days. Following decapitation, colon tissues were sampled to examine malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, luminol and lucigenin chemiluminenscence, macroscopic scoring and histologic examination. ANOVA and Student's t-test were used for statistical analysis. The increased macroscopic and microscopic scores, MPO, MDA, luminol and lucigenin measurements in colitis and SHS-colitis groups were decreased via ALA (P<.05-.001). AE declined macroscopic and microscopic scores, MDA, lucigenin compared to colitis and SHS-colitis groups (P<.01-.001). RE reduced microscopic score, MPO, MDA, luminol, lucigenin (P<.05-.001) that were increased with colitis. Decreased GSH levels (P<.01) in the SHS-colitis group approached to control levels when given ALA. According to our results SHS and colitis induction increased inflammatory damage. SHS did not worsen it more than colitis. Our results suggest that ALA, AE or RE might be protective for SHS exposed ulcerative colitis conditions.

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SummaryObesity is a major contributory factor of morbidity and mortality. It has been suggested that biological systems may be involved in the tendency to be and to remain physically inactive also behaviors such as food and beverage preferences and nutrient intake may at least partially genetically determined. Consequently, besides environment, genetic factors may also contribute to the level of physical activity and eating behaviors thus effect obesity. Therefore the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of various gene mutations on obesity, physical activity levels and eating behavior phenotypes. One hundred patients and 100 controls were enrolled to the study. Physical activity levels were measured with an actical acceloremeter device. Eating behaviors were evaluated using Three-Factor Eating questionnaire (TFEQ). Associations between eating behavior scores and physical characteristics were also evaluated. The information about other obesity risk factors were also collected. Mutations were investigated with PCR, direct sequencing and RealTime PCR. rs1051168, rs8050146 22778C > T mutations were found statistically significant in patients, rs1121980 was found statistically significant in controls. 21 mutations were found in MC4R and near MC4R of which 18 of them are novel and 8 of them cause amino acid change. In addition, it was found that, some obesity related factors and questions of TFEQ are associated with various investigated gene mutations. Any relation between gene mutations and physical activity levels were not detected. It is thought that, due to the genotype data and eating behaviors, it may be possible to recommend patients for proper eating patterns to prevent obesity. V C 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(10):806-816, 2016

Obeziteyle ilişkili beslenme alışkanlıklarının araştırılmasında yeni bir yöntem "Üç faktörlü beslenme anketi" Amaç: Literatürde TFEQ "Three-factor eating questionnaire" olarak bilinen anket, bireylerin beslenme alışkanlıklarını ölçmektedir. Bu çalışmada, grubumuz tarafından «Üç Faktörlü Beslenme Anketi» adıyla Türkçeye çevrilmiş olan anketin geçerlik ve güvenirliğinin kanıtlanarak ülkemizde kullanımının sağlaması amaçlanmaktadır. Yöntemler: Vücut kitle indeksi 30'un üzerinde olan 50 obez hasta, vücut kitle indeksi 25-30 arasında olan 50 fazla kilolu kişi ve 18'den büyük 25'ten küçük olan 50 sağlıklı birey çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Tüm bireylerin yaş, cinsiyet, bel çevresi, kilo, boy ve vücut kitle indeksi değerleri kaydedilmiş ve bireylere anket uygulaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular: İstatistiksel analizler sonucunda anketin güvenirliğinin yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ek olarak, anketin kişilerin bilinçli olarak yemek yemelerini kısıtlama derecesini, kontrolsüz olarak yemek yeme seviyesini ve duygusal oldukları anlardaki yemek yeme derecesini ölçmenin yanında, açlığa duyarlılık seviyesini de ölçtüğü tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Anketin Türkçe versiyonu, beslenme alışkanlıklarının incelenmesi amacıyla ülkemizde diğer araştırmacılar tarafından kullanılabilir. Anahtar sözcükler: Üç Faktörlü Beslenme Anketi, obezite, beslenme alışkanlıkları ABS TRACTA new method in investigation of obesity-related eating behaviors 'three-factor eating questionnaire' Objective: TFEQ "Three-factor eating questionnaire » evaluates eating behaviours of individuals. In this study, it was aimed to provide the usage of this questionnaire, which was translated into Turkish and named as «Üç Faktörlü Beslenme Anketi» by verifying the validity and reliability. Methods: Fifty obese patients with a body mass index greater than 30, 50 overweight individuals with a body mass index between 25 and 30, and 50 healthy individuals with a body mass index smaller than 25 were recruited to the study. Age, gender, waist circumference, weight, height and body mass index values were recorded and the questionnaire was filled up by all individuals. Results: Reliability of the questionnaire was found to be high. In addition, it was detected that, besides the evaluation of cognitive restraint of eating, disinhibition of eating control and emotional eating, the questionnaire also evaluates susceptibility to hunger. Conclusion: Turkish version of the questionnaire could be used for the investigation of eating behaviours by other researchers in our country.

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Although endogenous estrogen is known to offer cardiac and vascular protection, the involvement of estrogen receptors in mediating the protective effect of estrogen on hypertension-induced cardiovascular and renal injury is not fully explained. We aimed to investigate the effects of estrogen receptor (ER) agonists on oxidative injury, cardiovascular and renal functions of rats with renovascular hypertension (RVH). Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided as control and RVH groups, and RVH groups had either ovariectomy (OVX) or sham-OVX. Sham-OVX-RVH and OVX-RVH groups received either ERβ agonist diarylpropiolnitrile (1 mg/kg/day) or ERα agonist propyl pyrazole triol (1 mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks starting at the third week following the surgery. At the end of the 9(th) week, systolic blood pressures were recorded, cardiac functions were determined, and the contraction/relaxation responses of aortic rings were obtained. Serum creatinine levels, tissue malondialdehyde, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase levels, and myeloperoxidase activity in heart and kidney samples were analyzed, and Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity was measured in kidney samples. In both sham-OVX and OVX rats, both agonists reduced blood pressure and reversed the impaired contractile performance of the heart, while ERβ agonist improved renal functions in both the OVX and non-OVX rats. Both agonists reduced neutrophil infiltration, lipid peroxidation, and elevated antioxidant levels in the heart, but a more ERβ-mediated protective effect was observed in the kidney. Our data suggest that activation of ERβ might play a role in preserving the function of the stenotic kidney and delaying the progression of renal injury, while both receptors mediate similar cardioprotective effects.