Ramadan fasting has beneficial influences on the inflammatory state, as well as metabolic and anthropometric parameters.

Gardner syndrome, a variant of familial adenomatous polyposis, is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by gastrointestinal polyps that develop in the colon as well as in the stomach and upper intestine (duodenum), multiple osteomas, and skin and soft tissue tumors. Cutaneous findings include epidermoid cysts, desmoid tumors, and other benign tumors. Polyps have a 100% risk of undergoing malignant transformation; consequently, early identification and therapy of the disease are critical. Osteoma is a benign neoplasm of bone tissue that is characterized by slow continuous growth and is the most common accompanying bone lesion seen in Gardner syndrome. The authors report a case of Gardner syndrome that was operated on because of the mandibular osteoma.

The formation of neoplastic changes in the scar tissue of chronically ulcerating wounds is a well-known process. This condition is most commonly seen after the postburn scars, but it may be seen after many kinds of scars. The term "Marjolin's ulcer" is used to describe this type of carcinoma. Although many different cell types can be seen in these lesions, the most commonly seen is squamous cell carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinomas resulting from the Marjolin's ulcer have a much greater tendency to metastasize than squamous cell carcinomas resulting from the other causes. Confusion continues about the precise pathophysiology of this lesion and the clinical behavior of this neoplasm, and the mortality and morbidity rates are also conflicting. As would be expected, there is a wide variety of suggested treatment protocols for this disease. This article, through case reports and review of the literature, offers criteria for the treatment of the Marjolin's ulcers that arise on the scalp, which is an uncommon site.

Introduction: The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of Ramadan fasting on human psychology among healthy volunteer people. Methods: In this cross-sectional type study, the universe of the research is composed of healthy volunteer people who registered at the Kayapınar Peyas family health centre in Diyarbakır and declared they planned to fast at the month of Ramadan in 2017. A questionnaire form including a sociodemographic questionnaire and Turkish version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-42) was formed. The online questionnaire technique was used to obtain the data via e-mail and smartphone. The study was conducted during the summer of 2017. The survey conducted to the same healthy volunteer group one weak before Ramadan (May 22-26) and at the end of Ramadan (June 21-25). SPSS 21.0 statistical package was used in the data analysis. The statistical analyses were considered significant if p<0.05. Results: 73 healthy volunteer subjects with no known health problems and who were not in the risk groups in terms of mental and physical health were included in the statistical evaluation. According to the DASS score, when the pre-Ramadan scores of the samples were compared to the post-Ramadan scores; depression (p=0.001), anxiety (p=0.01) and stress (p =0.002) scores were found to be lower at the end of Ramadan. When compared to the pre-Ramadan scores of the samples and the post-Ramadan scores; anxiety (p< 0.05) prevalence was found to be lower at the end of Ramadan. Conclusion: The results of the current study demonstrated that fasting in the month of Ramadan have been effective in diminishing stress, anxiety, and depression levels.

Aim. This study aims to determine the knowledge level of the female primary healthcare workers about breast cancer and to reveal their attitude and behaviors about breast self-examination and mammography. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted on female primary healthcare workers who work in family health centres. 91% (n = 369) of female primary healthcare workers agreed to participate in the study. The questionnaire consisted of three parts: sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge about breast self-examination, and actual practice of breast self-examination. Results. The mean (SD) age of the female primary healthcare workers was 33.1 ± 6.8 (range, 20–54 years). The healthcare workers who practiced breast self-examination had significantly higher knowledge level (P = 0.001) than those who had not. The respondents had high knowledge level of breast self-examination; however, the knowledge level of breast cancer and mammography screen was low. Conclusions. While the female primary healthcare workers in this study had adequate knowledge of breast self-examination, this is not reflected in their attitudes and practices. Emphasis should be laid on breast self-examination in undergraduate and postgraduate courses for primary healthcare workers, since they are mostly involved in patient education.

Background: We here examined the awareness of female health employees (doctors, nurses, midwives) working in primary health care service about cervical cancer and its risk factors. Additionally attitude and behavior for gynecologic examination and pap smear screening wwere researched. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study con cerned female health employees working at primary health care services in two southern cities of Turkey, over a four month period in 2013. Participants were recently or previously sexually active research was explained and verbal informed consent was obtained face to face. The questionnaire consisted of two parts; socio-demographic characteristics and level of knowledge about cervical cancer and its risk factors. Results: The average age of the participants (midwives 43.7%, n=143; nurses 40.4%, n=132; doctors 6.4%, n=21; emergency medical technicians and others, 9.5%, n=31; total, n=327) was 30.9±6.41 years. 64.2% (n=210) were working in Diyarbakir and 35.8% (n=117) in Batman. A large proportion reported low knowledge and inadequate screening practice Conclusions: Health employees should be better informed about the importance of screening for cancers, given their preventive roles for the general population.

A case of congenital absence of the nasal columella accompanying a facial hemangioma is presented. The nose is an important aesthetic unit of the face, and its projection is mainly supported by the columella. The etiology of the absent columella is unclear, and the clinical feature is rare. Reconstruction of the columella remains a challenging problem in plastic surgery, and numerous techniques have been described. The authors discuss several techniques aimed at the correction of the problem and describe a method of reconstruction of the absent nasal columella that was used in the case reported.

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