In this study, tensile and abrasive wear performances of two different quality as-cast ductile irons have been examined at various temperatures between 25 and 600°C. Tensile tests were carried out with a strain rate of 3ϫ10 Ϫ4 /s. Wear tests were performed under a compression stress of 5.7 N/mm 2 , by rubbing samples on 125 mm Al 2 O 3 abrasive grains. In the temperature range of 100-300°C, where serrated flow is observed during tensile testing, tensile strength values of both ductile irons were invariable. Above 400°C, further increase of temperature caused dramatic decrease in tensile strength. As a general trend, abrasive wear resistances of the both ductile irons increased with increasing tensile strength. Exceptionally, maximum resistance to abrasive wear is obtained from both ductile irons at 100°C, probably due to dynamic strain aging.KEY WORDS: abrasive wear; ductile iron; high temperature; strain aging; tensile characteristics. Results and DiscussionTensile test results of the investigated ductile irons are presented in Fig. 3 as "Stress-Strain" curves. Serrated flow, which is the common feature of dynamic strain aging, is apparent in the temperature range between 100-300°C and much more pronounced for the material DI 1 than the material DI 2.Previously, Lui and Chao 9) reported serrated flow during low strain rate (3ϫ10 Ϫ4 /s) tensile testing of a ferritic ductile iron in the temperature interval between 150 and 350°C. Shieh et al. 10) presented serrated flow on the "StressStrain" curves of bainitic austempered ductile irons at testing temperatures lower than 280°C, which was attributed to the presence of acicular ferrite in the microstructure. Since higher volume fraction of ferrite contribute to the distinct dynamic strain aging, serrated flow is more apparent on the "Stress-Strain" curves of the material DI 1 than that of the material DI 2.Dynamic strain aging, which leads to inhomogeneous deformation characterised by serrated flow, is mainly relevant to the diffusion of interstitial atoms such as carbon or nitrogen to dislocations in motion. When the temperature and the strain rate are such that, the speed of interstitial atoms is more than that of dislocations, dislocations are pinned by interstitial atoms. Serrations occur due to rapid dislocation multiplication during deformation. In the process of dislocation multiplication stress increases, but once the dislocations are released the stress drops to sustain their movement ISIJ International, Vol. 43 (2003) until interstitial atoms diffuse and pin these mobile dislocations again. [11][12][13] The effect of test temperature on the strength and ductility of the investigated ductile irons is plotted in Figs. 4 and 5, respectively. The material DI 2 exhibited higher tensile strength and lower elongation at fracture values than the material DI 1 at the entire temperature range. The tensile strengths of both ductile irons were maintained almost constant up to 400°C and then dropped sharply at higher temperatures. It is reported that, 10) in the t...
Nitriding is as an effective technique applied for many years to improve the surface hardness and wear resistance of low carbon and tool steels [1]. In the case of stainless steels, increase of surface hardness and wear resistance accompany by a drop in corrosion resistance due to the precipitation of CrN. In this respect, many attempts have been made to modify the surfaces of austenitic stainless steels to increase their surface hardness and wear resistance without scarifying the corrosion resistance [2-6]. It is finally concluded that, nitriding at temperatures lower than conventional nitriding process (which is generally about 550°C) has potentiality to produce a nitrogen expanded austenite (also known as S-phase), on the surface without formation of CrN. Due to the superb properties of the S-phase, the low temperature nitrided austenitic stainless steels exhibit very high surface hardness, a good wear resistance, and more importantly, an excellent corrosion resistance. Recently some attempts have been made to apply low temperature nitriding to martensitic stainless steels, which are widely used in the industries of medicine, food, mold and other civil areas [7-9]. In these works, where nitriding has been conducted by plasma processes, superior surface hardness, along with excellent wear and corrosion resistances have been reported for AISI 410 and AISI 420 grade martensitic stainless steels. This work focuses on low temperature gas nitriding of AISI 420 grade martensitic stainless steel in a fluidized bed reactor. In this respect the microstructures, phase compositions, hardness, wear and corrosion behaviours of the original and nitrided martensitic stainless steels have been compared.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.