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Comparison of Angles Used in Sagittal Classification Of The Face: A Cephalometric StudyBackground: The aim of this study was to examine the diagnostic reliability and validity of cephalometric measurements used in sagittal directional measurements of the face in different types of maloclusion. Methods:In this retrospective study, orthodontic diagnostic records and initial cephalometric radiographs of 65 girls (mean age 15.3 ± 1.22) and 65 boys (mean age 15.4 ± 1.92) were determined as study materials. The study material is divided into three groups according to ANB angle as Class 1 (ANB 0-4 ), Class 2 (ANB> 4 ) and Class 3 (ANB ≤ 0 ). ANB, Witts, Beta angle, W angle and Yen angle cephalometric measurements were taken. Student t-Test was used to compare measurements by gender. One-Way Analysis of Variance was used to compare measurements by classes. To evaluate the relationships between the angles, Pearson's Correlation Analysis was used. Repeatability coefficients were also calculated in order to evaluate the reliability of the measurements. Results:The differences between genders are not statistically significant. All analyses showed a statistically significant difference for all three skeletal groups (p<0.05). Correlation values between measurements were found to be high. Conclusion:In our study, five sagittal cephalometric measurements are reliable and can be used as alternatives in orthodontic diagnosis.
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Diabetes mellitus, pankreastaki beta hücrelerinin yetersiz fonksiyonu sonucu insülin salgısındaki bozukluk nedeniyle meydana gelen kronik metabolik bir hastalıktır. Tip 1 diyabet (insuline bağımlı diyabet) ve Tip 2 diyabet (insuline bağımlı olmayan diyabet) olmak üzere 2 ana tipi bulunmaktadır. Periodontal hastalıklar, ağız kuruluğu (kserostomia), çürük insidansında artış, iyileşme zamanında uzama diyabetin ağız içi bulgularındandır. Bu hastalarda, dikkatli bir medikal anamnez alınmalı, randevular uygun saatlerde olmalı, kontrollü kuvvet uygulanmalı ve iyi bir ağız hijyeni sağlanmalıdır. Bu derlemenin amacı diabetes mellitusu tanımlamak; sınıflaması, etiyolojisi, oral belirtileri, komplikasyonları ve diyabetli hastalarda ortodontik yaklaşım hakkında bilgi vermektir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Diyabet, ortodonti, tip 1 diyabet, tip 2 diyabet. GİRİŞ Diabetes mellitus, pankreastaki beta hücrelerinin yetersiz fonksiyonu sonucu insülin salgısındaki bozukluk nedeniyle meydana gelen kronik metabolik bir hastalıktır. Toplumların %2-10'unu etkilemektedir, tüm dünyada ise yaklaşık ikiyüz milyon diyabetli hasta olduğu bildirilmiştir. 1-3 Tüm dünya nüfusunun %6' sında diyabet hastalığı görüldüğü ve bu oranda zamanla artış olduğu rapor edilmiştir. 4 TURDEP (The Turkish Diabetes Epidemiology Study) tarafından yapılan çalışmada ülkemizde 4.9 milyon diyabetli hasta olduğu, tip 2 diyabet prevalansının %7.2 olduğu, bildirilmiştir. 5 ABSTRACT Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease caused by a defect in insulin secretion due to insufficient function of the beta cells in the pancreas. There are two main types of diabetes including Type 1 diabetes (insulin-dependent diabetes) and Type 2 diabetes (non-insulin dependent diabetes). Oral findings of the diabetes are periodontal diseases, xerostomia, increased caries incidence and prolonged wound healing. A careful medical history should be taken, appointments must be at convenient times, controlled force should be implemented and a good oral hygiene should be provided in these patients. The aim of this review is to define diabetes mellitus; provide information about classification, etiology, oral symptoms, complications and orthodontic approach in diabetic patients.
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