Background: Seafaring includes a great variety of stressors that may let seafarers suffer from burnout syndrome. Job satisfaction is one of the most important factors affecting burnout. This study aims to determine the factors that affect job satisfaction and burnout levels of Turkish oceangoing seafarers who work actively on Turkish flagged ships. Materials and methods: The questionnaire was applied to participants in a face-to-face mode or by e-mail. The first part of the questionnaire consisted of 12-item which included socio-demographic and health-related information. Thus, according to their health status and socio-demographics, seafarers were classified and their impact on job satisfaction and burnout were examined by nonparametric comparison of multivariate samples analysis. Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI; 22 items) and Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ; 20 items) were used. Spearman's rho correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the sub-factors of the scales. 203 seafarers, 133 of them deck/engine cadets and 186 of them working on deck, aged 18-60 years participated in the study. Results: Negative correlation between job satisfaction and burnout was found by correlation analysis. Department and happiness while working on board were found as common important factors that vary according to both job satisfaction and burnout. According to these parameters, job satisfaction increased while burnout decreased or vice versa in both deck and engine and total. Conclusions: According to the results, it was determined that deck officers are more prone to high burnout levels and low job satisfaction levels than the engine department. In addition, the results show that as happiness increases, job satisfaction increases and burnout decreases.
The International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code training is mandatory for all shore-side personnel involved in the handling and transport of dangerous cargoes by sea. This study aims to measure and evaluate the port workers’ dangerous cargo transport general awareness level. For this purpose, the “Dangerous Cargo Transport General Awareness Questionnaire” was developed and applied to trained 100 port workers face-to-face. The questionnaire was proven to be valid and reliable by content validity, construct validity, internal consistency reliability, and test-retest reliability analyses. Four factors were determined as a result of Explanatory Factor Analysis. Discriminant analyses were performed using the Student’s t-test and One Way ANOVA test. Pearson correlation analysis was carried out to determine the relationship between factors. Simple linear regression analysis was used for modeling the relationship between factors. SPSS 24.0 was utilized to conduct the analyses. According to analysis results, port workers’ dangerous cargo transport general awareness does not differ depending on age, position, and education. There is a weak positive or a moderate positive correlation between factors. Port workers have an average and above-average level of general awareness. It is highlighted that increasing this level is possible by increasing the frequency of dangerous cargo transport training. Suggestions are offered for more effective training.
In the maritime industry, a person of lower class or rank is exposed to mobbing, which can easily be observed. In Turkey, instead of expressing mobbing in a specific word as "bullying in the workplace", replaced it as "emotional harassment", "psychological violence at work", "intimidation". The aim of the study is to determine the factors that affect the mobbing. Survey participants are 178 volunteers, almost all of the maritime university faculties and several private companies participated the survey. Data were collected in May 2018 in Turkey. Mobbing Scale (Leymann's LIPT-The Leymann Ivertory of Psychological For Social Sciences) was used. Mobbing scale has 5 factors: relationship, threat and harassment, business and career-related obstacles, private life, commitment to work. Statistical analysis were applied in SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences v24). According to demographics, relationships between factors were assessed by correlation analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the factors affected the mobbing. 5 regression models were set up for each 5 factors. Bivariate correlations with Spearman's rho coefficients between all factors are utilized. According to regression results, it is seen that variables affected mobbing significantly. Demographics are effective in determining mobbing. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Maritime dangerous cargo transport accidents can lead to crew fatalities and serious injuries. This paper focuses on these accidents to evaluate the factors involved in these losses. To that end, the relevant reports of 2000–2020 maritime dangerous cargo transport accidents recorded in the Marine Casualties and Incidents (MCI) module of the International Maritime Organization’s Integrated Shipping Information System (IMO-GISIS) database were analyzed. Six initial events in six basic ship operations were determined. This paper combined the entropy weight and Grey relational analysis methods to analyze the involved factors and evaluate the extent of influences of each initial event in various ship operations. The entropy weight (EW) method was applied to determine the weights of basic ship operations. The grey relational analysis method was applied to calculate the correlational degrees of the initial events. Most crew fatalities and severe injuries occur during bunkering, berthing, and mooring operations. Occupational accidents and fires/explosions are the most influential factors; more specifically, occupational accidents during sailing, cargo loading/unloading, anchoring, berthing, and mooring operations and fires/explosions during bunkering operations are most likely to lead to crew fatalities and serious injuries. The results of this paper can aid stakeholders in improving the required strategies to ensure the safety of seafarers during maritime dangerous cargo transport. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-10-05 Full Text: PDF
Industrial psychology is one of the applied sub-branches of psychology and focuses on human behaviors in the workplace. It aims to increase the performance and satisfaction of employees and organizational productivity by using a range of scientific methods. Developments within the scope of industrial and organizational psychology lead to the emergence of new fields of study, such as personnel psychology, organizational behavior, engineering psychology, vocational counseling, organizational development, and industrial relations. These fields had to be adapted to the complex structured maritime industry. In this context, maritime psychology can be widely described as the study and application of the interaction of human behavior and its environment. This chapter is a venture to identify and construct the specific maritime psychology characteristics, whilst protecting its vivid interaction with other perspectives including social, biological, physical, and environmental ones.
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