The International Labour Organization (ILO) reports that the risk of fatal occupational injuries in developing countries is almost twice as high as in developed countries, indicating a potential relationship between the fatality rates and the development level. The human development index (HDI), based on life expectancy, knowledge level and purchasing power parity, endorsed by the United Nations Development Programme, is a widely accepted measure of the development level. This study investigates the relationship between the HDI and the fatality rates reported by the ILO. A 23-country data set is used to demonstrate the general trend of the relationship followed by country-specific analyses for Australia, Spain, Hungary and Turkey. The study conducted is limited to fatal occupational injuries in construction, where the accidents are notoriously high. The results demonstrate a statistically significant inverse relationship between the fatality rates and the HDI.
The digitalization of education is a continuously developing process, aimed at the use of information and communication technologies. However, engineering education utilizes several forms of learning, with laboratory experiments being one of them. The use of digital learning materials (DLM) in labs is still limited due to numerous existing factors. This study investigates students' acceptance of using DLM during laboratory exercises in three universities located in Turkey, Poland, and Bulgaria. A questionnaire was prepared, and a survey was conducted among 625 learners. They were divided into eight categories, based on their engineering area and country. The survey results demonstrate that there is a strong correlation between the students' opinion on DLM and the use of DLM by their lab instructors, which means that their acceptance could be increased if more DLM are integrated in lab courses. The analysis of the questionnaire results also showed that there is a significant difference in the students' opinion on DLM, depending on the engineering area. Students of Food, Chemistry, and Electrical engineering rated the use of DLM quite high (above 4.0 out of 5), followed by the Civil engineering students with average results between 3.5 and 4.0. Respondents involved in Textile, Bio, and Machine engineering were the most skeptical (<3.5). Furthermore, their opinions covered a wide range from "Strongly disagree" to "Strongly agree."
In 2012 the "Occupational Health and Safety Code", code numbered 6331 is enacted with an objective to reduce the occupational accidents to a minimum. The code required the businesses to procure the services of an occupational safety expert based on the danger class of the workplace and the number of employees. In this respect, the scope and the authority of the work safety experts is organized in regulation number 28512. Yet, every new procedure requires time for sifting out the problems for being accepted and become operational fully. The objective of this study is to make an evaluation of the process regarding the occupational safety experts through questionnaire studies performed in 2015 and 2017. In 2015 and 2017, 63 and 75 experts attended survey, respectively. The surveys are evaluated comparatively to observe the developments within the selected period.
Majority of research in occupational safety and health area lean towards describing accidents with the aid of surveys and descriptive statistics, instead of using inferential statistical techniques. Therefore, an extensive archival study was performed in cooperation with Social Security Institute of Turkey, which included examination and reorganization of more than 2000 accident report forms to create a categorically identified data set, incorporating "Injury Severity Score" concept, followed by various statistical analysis techniques (univariate frequency, cross tabulation and binary logistic regression). As a result, a model was developed to identify the factors that contribute to severity. The findings of the analyses showed that four of the independent variables (work experience, accident type, unsafe condition and unsafe act) have statistically significant influence on workplace injury severity.
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