Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is the most common sex chromosome disorder in men. It may be associated with an increased risk for venous thrombosis and thromboembolism, which is partially explained by hypofibrinolysis due to androgen deficiency. Additional genetic or acquired thrombophilic states have been shown in KS patients complicated with venous thrombosis as isolated case reports. Arterial thrombotic events had not been previously reported in KS. In this study, a young man with KS who developed acute arterial thrombosis during testosterone replacement therapy is presented. He was homozygous for the A1298C mutation of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene.
Anti-HBc as the sole HBV marker seems to be a risk factor for reactivation after autologous HSCT. Lamivudine prophylaxis in HbsAg-positive patients continues to be effective.
Atraumatic osteonecrosis has been associated with a variety of clinical conditions including corticosteroid usage, alcoholism, infections, hyperbaric events, storage disorders, marrow-infiltrating diseases, coagulation defects, and some autoimmune diseases. Osteonecrosis due to thrombophilia is an extremely rare condition with only few cases reported previously in the literature. Hormone-replacement therapies cause increased risk of venous thrombosis, probably by causing a synergistic effect with inherited clotting defects. In this article, we report a young female with Turner syndrome, who developed avascular necrosis of the femoral head during treatment with oral estrogen, which was associated with low protein S levels.
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