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Highlights US-CD significantly improved antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content of dried apples. US-CD reduced drying time by nearly 45% compared to traditional hot air drying (HAD). US-CD reserved the micro-structure of the dried apples better than the HAD samples. US-CD samples had improved rehydration ratio, color, and textural properties compared to the HAD treatment.

This study was performed to evaluate the responses of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 inoculated in an apple-carrot blended juice to manothermosonication (MTS) treatments. The MTS treatments were conducted in a continuous-flow MTS system. The juice samples were exposed to ultrasound treatment at combinations of three temperatures (60, 50 and 40°C) and three pressure levels (100, 200, and 300kPa) for five residence times (15, 30, 45, 60, and 75s). The results showed that higher treatment temperature (i.e. 60°C) and hydrostatic pressure in the MTS system significantly enhanced the microbial reduction. A FDA mandated 5-logCFU/ml reduction of E. coli 0157:H7 for juice processing was achieved in 30s for MTS treatment at 60°C, in comparison to 60s at 50°C. The Weilbull and Log-logistic models provided the best fitting of the inactivation data for the MTS treatments. Extensive damage of E. coli 0157:H7 cells treated with MTS was observed on micro-images of scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.

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According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), protein demand is expected to increase globally by around 40% by 2030 as a response to the world’s population growth. Due to their clean label, vegan or vegetarian based applications, nutritional value, and cost-efficient properties, plant-based proteins have been widely studied. However, most of the alternatives currently found in the market have some challenges because of their poor solubility, emulsifying, gelling, and foaming attributes. Hemp seed protein has gained increasing attention due to its unique amino acids and fatty acids profiles. In this study, commercial HPC mixtures were adjusted to pH 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 followed by ultrasonication (US) for 5 min (5 s on: 5 s off) and incubated for an hour before neutralizing to pH 7. Following the treatments, the samples were analyzed for their hydrodynamic diameter, conductivity, zeta potential, polydispersity index, surface hydrophobicity, solubility, electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), free sulfhydryl group, and optical characteristics. The samples treated with ultrasound at pH 8 and 10 significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced the solubility of the hemp seed protein by 12.12% and 19.05%, respectively. Similarly, the samples treated with ultrasonication and pH shifting at pH 6, 8, and 10 also significantly increased the amount of free sulfhydryl content (p < 0.05) to 41.6, 58.72, and 46.54 mmol/g from 32.8 mmol/g, respectively. This study shows that the application of ultrasonication and pH shifting is a promising alternative method to modify the functional properties of HPC and widen their applications in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries.

Manothermosonication (MTS) is a treatment that combines ultrasonication with mild temperature and pressure. MTS extraction was evaluated for recapturing bioactive compounds of pomegranate peel waste. The influence of extraction time (0.5−3 min), temperature (25−50 °C), and pressure (100−500 kPa) on the yield of total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AOA) was assessed. Pea protein isolates (PPIs) and PPI-modified starch (PPI-S) were used to form nanocomplexes with the phenolic extract (PE). Lyophilized peels were extracted with an ethanol/water (30%, v/v) mixture, at a peel:solvent ratio of 1:50. MTS extraction reduced the extraction time by 40 times compared with conventional extraction (35 °C and 60 min) for achieving the same amount of 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The samples treated under 500 kPa for 3 min had the highest TPC (1007 μmol GA/g DW) and AOA (1.57 mmol TE/g DW). Nanocomplexes produced from PPI-PE and PPI-S-PE had similar encapsulation efficiency (∼73%). The mean diameters of freeze-dried PPI-PE complexes were 54.5 ± 19.7 nm, as determined by ImageJ, while that of PPI-PE in emulsion was 111.3 ± 6.4 nm measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). MTS is shown to be a green and efficient alternative to improve the extraction of bioactive compounds from pomegranate peel waste.

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