The paper describes the underlying infrastructure of an advanced real time integrated drilling simulator that is under development. Focus will be on handling the complex data flow and meeting the requirements regarding simultaneity when designing such a compound system. A synthesis of multiple transient and steady state models for drilling sub-processes with links to 3D visualization software and measured data is being built on the technology described in this paper. Possible applications include: This paper describes several challenges when developing a compound system for data processing in networks. For example the system must: The paper discusses different approaches to the challenges presented and recommends solution strategies. The underlying infrastructure is a crucial part of an integrated drilling simulator. It is the core of a technology that allows better utilization of drilling data through easier data access, visualization and advanced modeling. Such a system is an important element in integrating operations and enabling better communication between distributed experts. Introduction Technology development has facilitated the availability of time-based drilling process data in the operator's main office or control center in real time. This has been realized by: This has also made it possible to utilize drilling data in a more efficient and intelligent way for supervision of the drilling conditions by means of real time simulations and automatic diagnosis and decision support. Other important factors are The non-productive time during drilling operations amounts to about 20–30% of the total time. Of this 50% is due to well problems including geological surprises, and 50% due to equipment failure. By using real time simulation combined with real time 3D visualization it is possible to reduce well problems (lost circulation, stuck pipe, well stability and well control problems etc.) significantly.
Downhole Instrumentation And Control Systems enable optimization of Production and Reservoir Management. This paper focuses short-term Production Optimization of a well pair (injector and producer) with expected sand production problems. Simulations show that profit could be gained. The simulations are based on simplified models (assures high speed computations, a requirement in stochastic numerical uncertainty handling) for flow through wells and reservoir, and a volumetric sand production model. Although no stochastic uncertainty simulations are reported here, the effort of simplifying models is motivated by this. Cases with and without optimization are compared. Additionally, one case with a stuck valve indicates the sensitivity of equipment failures. We also discuss interactive use of the software as a learning tool for improved understanding of reservoir properties and behavior. Introduction Through the invention of Downhole Instrumentation And Control Systems (DIACS), operators of hydrocarbon reservoir drainage systems have the ability to monitor downhole physics, and remotely reconfigure downhole completion to remedy unfavorable downhole state. Thus, this technology is ideal for remote handling of surprises. Among the success stories are remote choke back of unwanted gas at Oseberg Field, reported by Sigurd Erlandsen (Erlandsen, 2000). Additionally, DIACS represents a necessary building block for approaching the hydrocarbon production as a cybernetic process; observation-interpretation-decision-control, - a fully closed loop system where permanent sensors, people, computers and downhole chokes perform the loop functions. The benefit of cybernetic loops is not yet (to our knowledge) demonstrated in real fields. However, the ideas are old and reports from the early computer age by G Rowan and M W Clegg (Rowan, 1963) concludes on cybernetic methods as being well suited for the complex task of reservoir engineering. Today, with much stronger computers as the most important enabling technology, presentations at different conferences indicate that several institutions are focusing around cybernetic methods even for optimization of drainage patterns (Brouwer, 2002). The optimization of hydrocarbon production systems will either focus short-term Production issues, more long-term Reservoir issues or event longer term Portfolio issues. Production Optimization is the day-to-day or week-to-week tuning of the wells and the near well reservoir to keep the production system as effective as possible. Reservoir Optimization is the month-to-month or year-to-year monitoring of the different liquid and gas fronts in the reservoir and the tuning to maximize recovery. Traditionally Production Optimization, the path towards accelerated production, attracts most reservoir management teams. There is also a belief that proper Production Optimization also assures maximum recovery. Although this may be questioned in the future, this paper discusses the use of DIACS from the Production Optimization aspect only. DIACS systems are mainly used on a one well basis. The main objectives have been to test the system features in full-scale environment and to get some idea of the reliability. The only known example to date where such systems are installed/planned in large numbers in one field is the Snorre B field. Here, one can expect an evaluation towards cybernetic methods in Reservoir Management, utilizing online real-time optimization and control. Until then, the new tool described in this paper must be regarded as a planning tool, enabling an advance evaluation of the future option of Short-term Production Optimization and Control. Objective The vision behind this work has been to develop a software tool which can be used both to assess and enhance the value of DIACS systems using a phenomenological approach. We believe that the results presented here represent a modest step in that direction. In this paper we focus on short-term optimization of production and apply our model to sand production.
fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractThe paper describes the underlying infrastructure of an advanced real time integrated drilling simulator that is under development. Focus will be on handling the complex data flow and meeting the requirements regarding simultaneity when designing such a compound system.The underlying infrastructure is a crucial part of an integrated drilling simulator. It is the core of a technology that allows better utilization of drilling data through easier data access, visualization and advanced modeling. Such a system is an important element in integrating operations and enabling better communication between distributed experts.
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