Selenge aimag covers an area of 41.2 thousand km2, has 1.9 million hectares of forests, is crossed by major national roads such as roads, railways and waterways, has major international road and railway ports, and has a relatively well-developed infrastructure. Located close to the capital and other central markets, Sukhbaatar, Mandal, Saikhan, Yeruu, Khuder, and Bayangol soums are home to about 70 percent of the population, which is likely to increase in the future and create favorable conditions for future development.In this sense, violations of natural resource use, including illegal use of forest resources, are likely to increase, and if this situation continues, there is a risk of long-term damage to the environment. Out of 25-30 thousand crimes registered annually nationwide, 0.7 percent of crimes against the environment are small, but the damage to the environment is high. Illegal logging crimes decreased by 72 or 35.1 percent from the previous year, detection by 85 percent, in 2017 by 128, increased by 56 units or 43.7 percent, detection by 64 percent, 2019; Compared to the first four months of this year, 63 crimes were registered, an increase of 33 units or 52.3 percent, and the detection rate was 26.7 percent compared to the first four months of research years. Сэлэнгэ аймгийн ойн нөөцийн ашиглалт, хамгааллын өнөөгийн байдал Сэлэнгэ аймаг нь 41.2 мянган хавтгай дөрвөлжин км газар нутагтай, 1.9 сая га ойн бүстэй, авто зам, төмөр зам, усан зам зэрэг улсын чанартай томоохон замууд тус аймгийн нутгаар дайран өнгөрдөг, олон улсын авто болон төмөр замын томоохон боомттой, дэд бүтэц харьцангуй сайн хөгжсөн нутаг юм. Нийслэл хот, бусад төвлөрсөн зах зээлд ойр байрладаг, мөн Сүхбаатар, Мандал, Сайхан, Ерөө, Хүдэр, Баянгол зэрэг сумдад нийт хүн амын 70 орчим хувь нь амьдардаг нь цаашдын хөгжилд таатай нөхцөл бүрдүүлж байгаа юм. Энэ утгаараа байгалийн нөөц ашигласны зөрчил, түүний дотор ойн нөөцийг хууль бусаар ашиглах нь улам бүр нэмэгдэх хандлагатай байгаа бөгөөд хэрэв байдал энэ хэвээр үргэлжилбэл байгаль орчинд учруулах хохирол улам нэмэгдэх эрсдэлтэй юм. Улсын хэмжээнд жилд 25-30 мянган гэмт хэрэг бүртгэгддэгээс байгаль орчны эсрэг гэмт хэргийн гаралт 0.7 хувь бөгөөд үүнийг бага гэж үзэх болох хэдий ч байгаль орчинд учруулсан хохирол нь өндөр байдаг. Хууль бус мод бэлтгэлийн зөрчил 2017 онд 128 бүртгэгдэж байсан бол 2018 онд 72 зөрчил бүртгэгдэж, 56 нэгжээр буюу 43.7 хувиар буурч, илрүүлэлт 64 хувиар өсчээ. 2019 оны эхний дөрвөн сарын байдлаар 63 хэрэг зөрчил бүртгэгдсэн нь өмнөх оны мөн үеийнхээс 33 нэгжээр буюу 52.3 хувиар өсч, судалгаанд хамрагдсан жилүүдийн эхний дөрвөн сартай харьцуулахад илрүүлэлт 26.7 хувьтай байна. Түлхүүр үг: хууль бус мод бэлтгэл, зөрчил, гэмт хэрэг
Abstract— At a time when Mongolia is heavily affected by desertification and is the focus of global attention, the use of sand, especially manganese sand, for tourism may be the most effective way to combat desertification. Environmental protection is one of the most pressing issues in the “Elsen tasarkhai” region, and tourism (especially creative tourism) is seen as a source of revenue to mitigate this. Local people support tourism development, but lack of experience and organization is a disadvantage. The residents of "Elsen Tasarkhai" need professional training, counseling, and cooperation with the community and the protection administration to conduct tourism activities. The survey was conducted in June, July and August 2020 using a questionnaire with 17 questions covering 24 households in the Elsen Tasarkhai area. According to a survey of local households, it is important to support the use of sand for tourism, create local brand souvenirs, establish herder communities and start working in 2022. In order to develop community-based tourism in the vicinity of "Elsen Tasarkhai", it is necessary to develop "Sand sports, arts and culture tourism" regionally based on regional specifics.
<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The aim of the study was to investigate bacterial and heavy metal pollution in four landfill sites of Ulaanbaatar. Surveyed landfills included closed and currently operating unlined landfills.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> In order to sample, we divided each landfill sites into three zones including zone 1: cover soil or in the boundary of the landfill, zone 2: from the boundary of the landfill to hygiene zone (25 м<sup>2</sup> to 500 м<sup>2</sup> out of cover soil), zone 3: from hygiene zone to settlement areas and compared the pollution. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The titre of <em>Cl. perfringens, </em>presence of <em>Salmonella </em>and total bacteria were not significantly different for landfill sites. The titre of <em>E. coli and </em>the titre of <em>Proteus </em>for industrial landfill site<em> </em>were significantly different than other sites. The titre of <em>E. coli</em> and the titre of <em>Proteus</em> for the zone 1 were significantly different than the zone 3. The presence of <em>Salmonella</em> and the total bacteria for the zone 1 was significantly different than the zone 2 and zone 3. The titre of <em>Cl. perfringens</em> was not significantly different for landfill zones. The bacterial indicators were not significantly different for seasons of the year. Content of heavy metals in soil landfills were Pb 0.1-63 mg/kg, Cr 0.4-5124 mg/kg, Ni 3.2-84 mg/kg, Zn 21.7-776 mg/kg, Cd 0.01-2.8 mg/kg.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Microbiological contamination and content of heavy metals in closed unlined landfill are not different from currently operating unlined landfills.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Mount Bogd Khan is the first protected place not only in Mongolia but also in the world. There are 3 protected zones in the reserve, and a few companies are only allowed to operate in a limited zone in the area according to the Law on Special Protected Areas of Mongolia. Nevertheless, many companies are operating in the area and the physical characteristics of the land are being damaged. For this reason, we aimed to identify the main aspects that lead to the ecological degradation of the natural environment. Our research is based on the study of local land use related to soil degradation through soil weakening assessment and ecological and economic evaluation, in order to propose conservation measures. The objectives are as follows: a) study the granted land, b) determine the soil erosion level of Zaisan slopes) estimate the ecological and economic valuation of soil. This research is used to develop proposals for protective measures through soil ecological assessment. Experimental uses method of soil field research, Tyurin method, methods for determining the volume and weight of soil, mapping for soil erosion and the ecological and economic valuation of the soil is calculated. The total area of Bogd Khan is 41651.0 ha, of which 55.0 percent is forest. The Zaisan slope has an area of 1086.5 ha. Of which 697.43 ha are not eroded. And the forest 482.3 ha, open area is 215.5 ha. Soil erosion has occupied 396 ha square. Of which 97.43 ha is highly eroded, 179.15 ha is medium eroded, and 119.42 ha is low eroded. The built-up area is 10.8 ha square, of which 4.1 ha is built up and 6.7 ha is roads. Zaisan slope is eroded resource of soil roots has reached 139.88 tons, total decrease of soil roots 49200.7 total decrease of soil roots /of revised/ 34626.2 ton. The total ecological and economic valuation of soil cover of Zaisan slope has reached 9.4 billion tugrug.
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