This paper proposes an iterative-analytical method to find the optimal size and site of distributed generation units in a radial distribution system to reduce the maximum possible amount of network loss. The proposed analytical method is an advanced form of the Improved Analytical approach used in other papers. Three types of distributed generation units with different capabilities of active and reactive power generation are considered. To show the efficiency of the iterative analytical approach, different scenarios are tested in 33- and 69-bus standard distribution test systems. A 49-bus real network is also used to prove the efficiency of the proposed method for applying in real-world systems. Comparison between results of the proposed and existing methods demonstrates the advantage of the proposed technique in loss reduction.
Abstract:In this paper, a novel protection method based on time-time (TT) transform for thyristor-controlled seriescompensated lines is presented. First, current signals at both sides of the sending and receiving ends are retrieved and processed through time-time domain transform (TT-transform), and a TT-matrix is produced. A proposed index is then compared with a defined threshold (THD) in order to determine fault occurrence and faulted phases. Within less than three cycles of the fault inception, a tripping signal can be sent that is acceptable for the speed of digital relays.After faulted phase selection, considering the TT-matrix of the faulted phases of both the sending and receiving ends, another index is introduced for estimation of the fault section. Simulation results show that this approach determines fault occurrence, faulted phase, and fault section under different fault conditions such as fault type, fault location, fault resistance, fault inception angle, source impedance, reverse power flow, different levels of compensation, and different locations of the compensator in the line. The test results in the presence of high noise (with SNR up to 15 dB) confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results also indicate that the proposed method is more robust to fault resistance compared to previous studies.
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