Aim: In order to promote African traditional pharmacopoeia, studies have been undertaken to evaluate the effects of aqueous extracts of Annona senegalensis (Annonaceae) (EAAs) and Hallea ledermannii (Rubiaceae) (EAHl) in white rats of Wistar strain. Methods: A phytochemical screening and a toxicological study according to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development guidelines 423 were carried out. Pharmacological effects on blood glucose were evaluated. The different treatments were performed orally. Results:The aqueous extracts of EAAs and EAHl, respectively, at the maximum doses of 3,000 and 5,000 mg/kg bw, did not cause death in rats. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, and quinonic compounds in both extracts. This study showed that in addition to the common compounds, the Annona senegalensis extract contained sterols, polyterpenes, catechic tannins, and alkaloids, while that of Hallea ledermannii showed the existence of saponosides. Annona senegalensis (100 mg/kg bw) and Hallea ledermannii (200 mg/kg bw), provoked more hypoglycemia, respectively, of 40% and 35.34% in rats. EAAS (27.78% vs. 25.41%) showed better anti-hyperglycemic effect in pretreated rats while EAHl (40.30% vs. 29.37%), provoked more anti-hyperglycemic activity in post-treated animals. Conclusion:The effects of EAAs and EAHI on blood glucose value may be related to the presence of chemical compounds such as flavonoids and saponosides highlighted in a phytochemical study. These compounds recall those of certain insulin-secreting agents and justify their use in traditional medicine. ARTICLE HISTORY

RESUME L'objectif de ce travail a été de justifier l'utilisation traditionnelle de Ageratum conyzoïdes dans le traitement du diabète sucré. Pour ce faire, quatre lots de six rats ont été constitués. Les animaux de trois lots ont été rendus diabétiques par pancréatectomie partielle; les rats des lots 3 et 4 ont reçu respectivement des doses quotidiennes de glibenclamide à 10 mg/Kg p.c. et d'extrait aqueux de Ageratum conyzoïdes (EAqAc) à 5000 mg/Kg p.c. pendant 28 jours. La glycémie des rats a été mesurée par intervalle régulier de 7 jours. A la fin de l'expérimentation, les rats ont été mis à jeun et anesthésiés à l'éther di éthylique, puis leur sang a été prélevé au niveau du sinus orbital sans abimer l'oeil à l'aide d'une pipette pasteur, afin de déterminer leurs paramètres hématologiques. Les résultats ont montré que, l'EAqAc et le glibenclamide, baissent significativement (p<0,001) la glycémie respectivement de 74,39% et de 75,01% chez les rats traités, comparativement aux animaux témoins. Les paramètres hématologiques des rats diabétiques traités à l'EAqAc, ne varient pas significativement (p>0,05) par rapport à ceux des rats normo-glycémiques. Cet extrait pourrait agir comme le glibenclamide et serait un régulateur des paramètres hématologique.

No abstract

Composition chimique d'un extrait aqueux de bridelia ferruginea benth. (euphorbiaceae) et études de ses effets toxicologique et pharmacologique chez les mammifères.

Background Hypertension is a common and complex disorder. To identify its susceptibility genes may contribute to genetic screening and treatment for hypertension. Although many large-scale genome-wide association studies have been performed, only a few studies have successfully identified the loci that are related to the hypertension, not to mention the scanty Asian studies. Young-onset hypertension (YOH) may be a more feasible target disorder to investigate than the late-onset one due to its stronger genetic component.Methods We performed a three-stage genome-wide association study to map YOH susceptibility genes. In the first stage, we analyzed 400 YOH cases and 400 age and gender matched controls with BMI adjusted in all the analyses. In the second stage, an independent sample (600 YOH cases and 600 age and gender matched controls) was used to verify the results. Besides the conventional single locus test, Multilocus association tests and pair were used to increase the power to identify potential SNPs. After considering stringent adjustments of multiple testing, 14 SNP septets from the multilocus test and 20 SNP pairs from the epistasis test were selected to verify. In the third stage, gene expression profiles of the genes located in these regions were also tested to further confirm those finding.Results Finally, three genes (GSN, LARS and ACTN4) from the multilocus test and one gene pair (LIPC and CELF5) were verified successfully. Some animal experiments also showed that GSN is involved in the inflammatory processes, which is an important participant in the pathophysiology of hypertension. LIPC plays a major role in the regulation of plasma lipids and is involved in the glycerolipid metabolism. Those genes are novel hypertension targets identified in this YOH GWA study of the Han Chinese population. L-002 ADENOSINE A 2a RECEPTOR GENE EXPRESSION IN ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSIONBackground Adenosine A 2A receptor (ADORA 2A ) signalling pathway induced vasodilation may have a role in essential hypertension (EH).The study aimed to investigate the expression of ADORA 2A in human blood associated with EH. This could provide new insights into potential development of more selective drugs targeting ADORA 2A . MethodsThe study utilised samples from 7 hypertensive (HT: male:3, female:4) and 7 normotensive (NT: male:3, female:4) subjects who were unrelated and matched for age AE5 years, gender and ethnicity. Electrocardiography (ECG) was taken in a supine position. Blood samples were collected using the PAXgene blood RNA system. ADORA 2A gene expression levels were detected by real time PCR. 18S rRNA and beta-actin (ACTB) were utilised as housekeeping genes. REST software was employed for data analysis.Results HT subjects were aged 50 AE 2 years old and their blood pressure were 126 AE 4/82 AE 2 mmHg, which were not significantly different to the NT group. Sinus rhythm presented in all participants and none of subjects was suspected having left ventricle hypertrophy (LVH) according to the standard ECG criteria for LVH. Also, t...